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Tesla wants to bring robotaxis to San Francisco. Here’s what’s standing in the way. | TechCrunch

Tesla wants to bring robotaxis to San Francisco. Here’s what’s standing in the way. | TechCrunch

Tesla is launching an even-more-limited version of its early robotaxi service in San Francisco this weekend, according to Business Insider, after an initial rollout began last month in Austin, Texas.

The company plans to send invites to Tesla owners to test the service, according to the report.

Depending on how and if Tesla proceeds, its actions could violate state regulations — and even if there’s a human safety driver sitting behind the wheel while its vehicles operate autonomously.

Two state agencies regulate aspects of autonomous vehicles in California. The California Department of Motor Vehicles regulates the testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles, and requires permits for all three stages: testing with a driver, testing without a driver, and driverless deployment.

Tesla holds a permit for testing autonomous vehicles with a human safety operator behind the wheel. It doesn’t have a permit for driverless testing or deployment. And as of Wednesday it had not yet applied for additional permits, according to the DMV. (Mercedes-Benz, Nuro, and Waymo are the only three companies that hold driverless deployment permits.)

Nor does Tesla have the proper permits from the California Public Utilities Commission, which regulates the commercial aspects of ride-hailing and chartered transportation by humans as well as those steered by autonomous vehicle systems.

Tesla has a Transportation Charter Party permit, which allows a human driver to drive a traditional vehicle (not an AV) for charter services with the public, CPUC spokesperson Terrie Prosper told TechCrunch in an email. 

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This is distinctly different from an autonomous vehicle permit for passenger transportation, according to Prosper. So-called AV authorizations, which Tesla doesn’t have, allows for the testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles with or without a driver.

Tesla has not received approval from the CPUC to offer autonomous passenger service to customers, paid or unpaid, with or without a driver (nor has the company applied), Prosper explained in the email. Tesla also doesn’t hold a “Drivered Pilot AV permit” from the CPUC, so it cannot even use an autonomous vehicle with a human operator behind the wheel for passenger service.

This means that if Tesla deploys its robotaxis and the autonomous systems are engaged it will be violating state regulations even if the rides are free and there is a human safety operator behind the wheel.

The push into California comes as the DMV is currently trying to stop Tesla from selling vehicles in the state as part of a years-long lawsuit over the promises the company has made about its cars’ self-driving abilities. Tesla is also currently on trial in a lawsuit over deaths related to the use of its less-capable driver assistance system, Autopilot.

Tesla has also yet to prove that its Full Self-Driving software can be used to power a robotaxi network. While the company has been running an invite-only version of its robotaxi service in Austin since June 22, it’s been a far cry from what Musk has spent years teasing.

The service is mostly limited to Austin’s downtown core and main corridors. There is a safety operator in the front passenger seat who can intervene if the car is about to do something wrong or dangerous. While the service launched with around 10 vehicles, it’s not clear how many Model Y SUVs are in operation in the city, nor is it clear how many times those safety operators have had to intervene.

That’s a long way from the “general solution” that Musk said Tesla was working on for a decade. Musk was once so confident in the autonomous software Tesla was developing that he said it would take a car from Los Angeles to New York — a stunt that never happened. Musk said this week that Tesla is also trying to expand to Florida and Arizona. TechCrunch reported earlier this month that Tesla had begun the required certification process to test and operate with and without a driver in Arizona.

Update: This story has been updated to include new information from the CPUC.

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#Tesla #bring #robotaxis #San #Francisco #Heres #whats #standing #TechCrunch


If you were thinking of seeing Minions & Monstersor at least taking your kid to see it, here’s something to sweeten the pot: George Lucas is in it.

Illumination head Chris Meledandri broke the news in a recent Collider interview, where he revealed the Star Wars creator is secretly a fan of Despicable Me’s chatty champions. “It was such a thrill to learn and share that with the team,” said Meledandri, “He’s among a very small group of people who the entire studio shares a level of respect for that is just off the charts.” Given Lucas’ affection for funny little guys, it makes sense that he loves the biggest little guys of our current movie era.

Now that they knew they had Lucas in their corner, the team decided what the hey, get him to do a voice for the movie. Meledandri said an “idea for a character” was born that fit the bill, and they got “a fast yes” when it was pitched. At time of writing, Illumination’s quiet on who Lucas will be, but it’s worth noting that Minions & Monsters takes place in the 1920s as the crew try to make their own movie. Lucas’ love for older films is apparent in Star Wars and Indiana Jones, so maybe he’ll be a director that ends up getting trampled by the Minions. Maybe he’ll even be one himself who just looks like a little yellow George Lucas, that’d be fun.

Look for Minions & Monsters to hit theaters on July 1.

Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

#George #Lucas #Minions #MonstersGeorge Lucas,Illumination,Minions,Minions and Monsters,Star Wars">George Lucas Will Be In ‘Minions & Monsters’
                If you were thinking of seeing Minions & Monsters, or at least taking your kid to see it, here’s something to sweeten the pot: George Lucas is in it. Illumination head Chris Meledandri broke the news in a recent Collider interview, where he revealed the Star Wars creator is secretly a fan of Despicable Me’s chatty champions. “It was such a thrill to learn and share that with the team,” said Meledandri, “He’s among a very small group of people who the entire studio shares a level of respect for that is just off the charts.” Given Lucas’ affection for funny little guys, it makes sense that he loves the biggest little guys of our current movie era. Now that they knew they had Lucas in their corner, the team decided what the hey, get him to do a voice for the movie. Meledandri said an “idea for a character” was born that fit the bill, and they got “a fast yes” when it was pitched. At time of writing, Illumination’s quiet on who Lucas will be, but it’s worth noting that Minions & Monsters takes place in the 1920s as the crew try to make their own movie. Lucas’ love for older films is apparent in Star Wars and Indiana Jones, so maybe he’ll be a director that ends up getting trampled by the Minions. Maybe he’ll even be one himself who just looks like a little yellow George Lucas, that’d be fun. Look for Minions & Monsters to hit theaters on July 1.  Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.      #George #Lucas #Minions #MonstersGeorge Lucas,Illumination,Minions,Minions and Monsters,Star Wars

Minions & Monstersor at least taking your kid to see it, here’s something to sweeten the pot: George Lucas is in it.

Illumination head Chris Meledandri broke the news in a recent Collider interview, where he revealed the Star Wars creator is secretly a fan of Despicable Me’s chatty champions. “It was such a thrill to learn and share that with the team,” said Meledandri, “He’s among a very small group of people who the entire studio shares a level of respect for that is just off the charts.” Given Lucas’ affection for funny little guys, it makes sense that he loves the biggest little guys of our current movie era.

Now that they knew they had Lucas in their corner, the team decided what the hey, get him to do a voice for the movie. Meledandri said an “idea for a character” was born that fit the bill, and they got “a fast yes” when it was pitched. At time of writing, Illumination’s quiet on who Lucas will be, but it’s worth noting that Minions & Monsters takes place in the 1920s as the crew try to make their own movie. Lucas’ love for older films is apparent in Star Wars and Indiana Jones, so maybe he’ll be a director that ends up getting trampled by the Minions. Maybe he’ll even be one himself who just looks like a little yellow George Lucas, that’d be fun.

Look for Minions & Monsters to hit theaters on July 1.

Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

#George #Lucas #Minions #MonstersGeorge Lucas,Illumination,Minions,Minions and Monsters,Star Wars">George Lucas Will Be In ‘Minions & Monsters’George Lucas Will Be In ‘Minions & Monsters’
                If you were thinking of seeing Minions & Monsters, or at least taking your kid to see it, here’s something to sweeten the pot: George Lucas is in it. Illumination head Chris Meledandri broke the news in a recent Collider interview, where he revealed the Star Wars creator is secretly a fan of Despicable Me’s chatty champions. “It was such a thrill to learn and share that with the team,” said Meledandri, “He’s among a very small group of people who the entire studio shares a level of respect for that is just off the charts.” Given Lucas’ affection for funny little guys, it makes sense that he loves the biggest little guys of our current movie era. Now that they knew they had Lucas in their corner, the team decided what the hey, get him to do a voice for the movie. Meledandri said an “idea for a character” was born that fit the bill, and they got “a fast yes” when it was pitched. At time of writing, Illumination’s quiet on who Lucas will be, but it’s worth noting that Minions & Monsters takes place in the 1920s as the crew try to make their own movie. Lucas’ love for older films is apparent in Star Wars and Indiana Jones, so maybe he’ll be a director that ends up getting trampled by the Minions. Maybe he’ll even be one himself who just looks like a little yellow George Lucas, that’d be fun. Look for Minions & Monsters to hit theaters on July 1.  Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.      #George #Lucas #Minions #MonstersGeorge Lucas,Illumination,Minions,Minions and Monsters,Star Wars

If you were thinking of seeing Minions & Monstersor at least taking your kid to see it, here’s something to sweeten the pot: George Lucas is in it.

Illumination head Chris Meledandri broke the news in a recent Collider interview, where he revealed the Star Wars creator is secretly a fan of Despicable Me’s chatty champions. “It was such a thrill to learn and share that with the team,” said Meledandri, “He’s among a very small group of people who the entire studio shares a level of respect for that is just off the charts.” Given Lucas’ affection for funny little guys, it makes sense that he loves the biggest little guys of our current movie era.

Now that they knew they had Lucas in their corner, the team decided what the hey, get him to do a voice for the movie. Meledandri said an “idea for a character” was born that fit the bill, and they got “a fast yes” when it was pitched. At time of writing, Illumination’s quiet on who Lucas will be, but it’s worth noting that Minions & Monsters takes place in the 1920s as the crew try to make their own movie. Lucas’ love for older films is apparent in Star Wars and Indiana Jones, so maybe he’ll be a director that ends up getting trampled by the Minions. Maybe he’ll even be one himself who just looks like a little yellow George Lucas, that’d be fun.

Look for Minions & Monsters to hit theaters on July 1.

Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

#George #Lucas #Minions #MonstersGeorge Lucas,Illumination,Minions,Minions and Monsters,Star Wars

With electricity costs soaring, home batteries have never looked so attractive. Whether you want to store the excess generated by your solar panels or simply buy electricity at the cheapest possible rate to use later when power is most expensive, a home battery can help. It’s never been easier to get a home battery installed, but this rapidly expanding market can be confusing, and there are several things to consider before you buy.

I’ve spent months researching home batteries, chatting to folks who use them, and then having one installed myself, and I have tips for anyone interested in getting a home battery of their own.

Why Would You Want a Home Battery?

There are several reasons you might want to invest in a home battery, and they are not mutually exclusive:

  • You want to store excess power from your solar panels.
  • You want to live off-grid.
  • You want to guard against power outages.
  • You want to buy electricity at a cheap rate and store it for use later.

Home batteries are a win-win, potentially benefiting power companies too, because battery storage is an essential part of grid balancing and can help manage and make the most of the intermittent power generated by renewables (solar, wind, waves).

How Do Home Batteries Work?

Image may contain Appliance Device Electrical Device and Refrigerator

Photograph: Simon Hill

A home battery is like a big power bank for your home. But rather than lithium-ion, they tend to be lithium iron phosphate (LFP or LiFePO4), because it is safer, more durable, and less prone to thermal runaway. In other words, less likely to overheat and burst into flames. There are a few manufacturers working with sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries, which are potentially cheaper, more environmentally friendly (they don’t require lithium), and perform better in the cold, but they are also larger and don’t last as long.

Home battery technology is often the same as you’ll find in electric vehicles. Some folks have even suggested employing EV batteries as home batteries. But there are potential issues with that, not least finding your car battery drained in the morning. EVs are also driving the technology forward toward solid-state batteries, which are smaller for the same capacity, safer as they don’t have liquid electrolytes inside, and longer lasting.

Many home batteries come in modular systems, so you can add the capacity you want, but they require an inverter to convert the DC (direct current) power stored to AC (alternating current) power you can use. Folks with solar panels, or those who plan to add them in the future, should opt for a hybrid inverter, which can also convert the power from the panels for use or storage.

Inverters have different power ratings in kilowatts (kW) that dictate how much power you can draw at any given moment. Households with modest needs may get by with a 3.6-kW inverter, but that limits your continuous draw to 3.6 kW. They usually have a peak load capability that goes higher, enabling you to pull more for a brief period. If you have high-demand appliances like an EV charger or heat pump, you will want at least 5 kW, and folks with larger demands or larger batteries will want to go higher (6 to 10 kW).

What Should I Look For?

There are several things to watch out for when buying a home battery:

  • Capacity: Measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), this tells you how much total energy the battery can hold.
  • Power output: Measured in kilowatts (kW), this shows how much energy the battery and inverter can deliver at any moment.
  • Depth of discharge: This is how much of the battery’s capacity you can safely use without damaging it.
  • Efficiency: This is the percentage of the power you put into the battery that you can actually use, because some energy is always lost in the storage process.
  • Warranty: This is a guarantee about the minimum performance you can expect before a battery degrades (they all degrade over time), and it’s often stated in years and charging cycles (whichever comes first). For example, EcoFlow promises at least 70 percent capacity after 15 years or 6,000 charging cycles.

How Much Home Battery Do You Need?

Image may contain Electronics Mobile Phone Phone Computer Hardware and Hardware

EcoFlow via Simon Hill

It can be tricky to calculate how much battery capacity you need, and it depends on your use case. If you want to guard against outages or live off-grid, you must consider how much power you use over time and also the sum of your maximum power usage at any given moment to ensure your capacity in kWh and output in kW are enough. If the output is not high enough you may not be able to run power-hungry appliances at the same time, so you’ll have to think about how you use your power.

For folks like me, simply looking to buy at a cheaper rate to use when power is more expensive, any capacity will benefit you. But if you have a cheap six-hour rate overnight, for example, then you ideally want it to last for the other 18 hours. It makes sense to get as much as you can up-front because the installation costs are high. Even adding to modular systems later often requires professional installation to avoid voiding your warranty.

Do You Need Upgrades or Permission?

The home battery will connect to your main electrical panel via a cable, and it may require some upgrades. There was no room on my fuse board when I got a home battery installed, so they had to install a second breaker box.

Some inverters may require permission from your electric distribution utility or local distribution company. Here in Scotland, the distribution network operator must approve your inverter, but you can install and then notify up to 3.6 kW, whereas larger inverters require prior approval.

#Home #Batteries #Arent #Doomsday #Preppers #Heresshopping,energy,batteries,how-to,smart home,power">Home Batteries Aren’t Just for Doomsday Preppers. Here’s Why You Might Want OneWith electricity costs soaring, home batteries have never looked so attractive. Whether you want to store the excess generated by your solar panels or simply buy electricity at the cheapest possible rate to use later when power is most expensive, a home battery can help. It’s never been easier to get a home battery installed, but this rapidly expanding market can be confusing, and there are several things to consider before you buy.I’ve spent months researching home batteries, chatting to folks who use them, and then having one installed myself, and I have tips for anyone interested in getting a home battery of their own.Why Would You Want a Home Battery?There are several reasons you might want to invest in a home battery, and they are not mutually exclusive:You want to store excess power from your solar panels.You want to live off-grid.You want to guard against power outages.You want to buy electricity at a cheap rate and store it for use later.Home batteries are a win-win, potentially benefiting power companies too, because battery storage is an essential part of grid balancing and can help manage and make the most of the intermittent power generated by renewables (solar, wind, waves).How Do Home Batteries Work?Photograph: Simon HillA home battery is like a big power bank for your home. But rather than lithium-ion, they tend to be lithium iron phosphate (LFP or LiFePO4), because it is safer, more durable, and less prone to thermal runaway. In other words, less likely to overheat and burst into flames. There are a few manufacturers working with sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries, which are potentially cheaper, more environmentally friendly (they don’t require lithium), and perform better in the cold, but they are also larger and don’t last as long.Home battery technology is often the same as you’ll find in electric vehicles. Some folks have even suggested employing EV batteries as home batteries. But there are potential issues with that, not least finding your car battery drained in the morning. EVs are also driving the technology forward toward solid-state batteries, which are smaller for the same capacity, safer as they don’t have liquid electrolytes inside, and longer lasting.Many home batteries come in modular systems, so you can add the capacity you want, but they require an inverter to convert the DC (direct current) power stored to AC (alternating current) power you can use. Folks with solar panels, or those who plan to add them in the future, should opt for a hybrid inverter, which can also convert the power from the panels for use or storage.Inverters have different power ratings in kilowatts (kW) that dictate how much power you can draw at any given moment. Households with modest needs may get by with a 3.6-kW inverter, but that limits your continuous draw to 3.6 kW. They usually have a peak load capability that goes higher, enabling you to pull more for a brief period. If you have high-demand appliances like an EV charger or heat pump, you will want at least 5 kW, and folks with larger demands or larger batteries will want to go higher (6 to 10 kW).What Should I Look For?There are several things to watch out for when buying a home battery:Capacity: Measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), this tells you how much total energy the battery can hold.Power output: Measured in kilowatts (kW), this shows how much energy the battery and inverter can deliver at any moment.Depth of discharge: This is how much of the battery’s capacity you can safely use without damaging it.Efficiency: This is the percentage of the power you put into the battery that you can actually use, because some energy is always lost in the storage process.Warranty: This is a guarantee about the minimum performance you can expect before a battery degrades (they all degrade over time), and it’s often stated in years and charging cycles (whichever comes first). For example, EcoFlow promises at least 70 percent capacity after 15 years or 6,000 charging cycles.How Much Home Battery Do You Need?EcoFlow via Simon HillIt can be tricky to calculate how much battery capacity you need, and it depends on your use case. If you want to guard against outages or live off-grid, you must consider how much power you use over time and also the sum of your maximum power usage at any given moment to ensure your capacity in kWh and output in kW are enough. If the output is not high enough you may not be able to run power-hungry appliances at the same time, so you’ll have to think about how you use your power.For folks like me, simply looking to buy at a cheaper rate to use when power is more expensive, any capacity will benefit you. But if you have a cheap six-hour rate overnight, for example, then you ideally want it to last for the other 18 hours. It makes sense to get as much as you can up-front because the installation costs are high. Even adding to modular systems later often requires professional installation to avoid voiding your warranty.Do You Need Upgrades or Permission?The home battery will connect to your main electrical panel via a cable, and it may require some upgrades. There was no room on my fuse board when I got a home battery installed, so they had to install a second breaker box.Some inverters may require permission from your electric distribution utility or local distribution company. Here in Scotland, the distribution network operator must approve your inverter, but you can install and then notify up to 3.6 kW, whereas larger inverters require prior approval.#Home #Batteries #Arent #Doomsday #Preppers #Heresshopping,energy,batteries,how-to,smart home,power

having one installed myself, and I have tips for anyone interested in getting a home battery of their own.

Why Would You Want a Home Battery?

There are several reasons you might want to invest in a home battery, and they are not mutually exclusive:

  • You want to store excess power from your solar panels.
  • You want to live off-grid.
  • You want to guard against power outages.
  • You want to buy electricity at a cheap rate and store it for use later.

Home batteries are a win-win, potentially benefiting power companies too, because battery storage is an essential part of grid balancing and can help manage and make the most of the intermittent power generated by renewables (solar, wind, waves).

How Do Home Batteries Work?

Image may contain Appliance Device Electrical Device and Refrigerator

Photograph: Simon Hill

A home battery is like a big power bank for your home. But rather than lithium-ion, they tend to be lithium iron phosphate (LFP or LiFePO4), because it is safer, more durable, and less prone to thermal runaway. In other words, less likely to overheat and burst into flames. There are a few manufacturers working with sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries, which are potentially cheaper, more environmentally friendly (they don’t require lithium), and perform better in the cold, but they are also larger and don’t last as long.

Home battery technology is often the same as you’ll find in electric vehicles. Some folks have even suggested employing EV batteries as home batteries. But there are potential issues with that, not least finding your car battery drained in the morning. EVs are also driving the technology forward toward solid-state batteries, which are smaller for the same capacity, safer as they don’t have liquid electrolytes inside, and longer lasting.

Many home batteries come in modular systems, so you can add the capacity you want, but they require an inverter to convert the DC (direct current) power stored to AC (alternating current) power you can use. Folks with solar panels, or those who plan to add them in the future, should opt for a hybrid inverter, which can also convert the power from the panels for use or storage.

Inverters have different power ratings in kilowatts (kW) that dictate how much power you can draw at any given moment. Households with modest needs may get by with a 3.6-kW inverter, but that limits your continuous draw to 3.6 kW. They usually have a peak load capability that goes higher, enabling you to pull more for a brief period. If you have high-demand appliances like an EV charger or heat pump, you will want at least 5 kW, and folks with larger demands or larger batteries will want to go higher (6 to 10 kW).

What Should I Look For?

There are several things to watch out for when buying a home battery:

  • Capacity: Measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), this tells you how much total energy the battery can hold.
  • Power output: Measured in kilowatts (kW), this shows how much energy the battery and inverter can deliver at any moment.
  • Depth of discharge: This is how much of the battery’s capacity you can safely use without damaging it.
  • Efficiency: This is the percentage of the power you put into the battery that you can actually use, because some energy is always lost in the storage process.
  • Warranty: This is a guarantee about the minimum performance you can expect before a battery degrades (they all degrade over time), and it’s often stated in years and charging cycles (whichever comes first). For example, EcoFlow promises at least 70 percent capacity after 15 years or 6,000 charging cycles.

How Much Home Battery Do You Need?

Image may contain Electronics Mobile Phone Phone Computer Hardware and Hardware

EcoFlow via Simon Hill

It can be tricky to calculate how much battery capacity you need, and it depends on your use case. If you want to guard against outages or live off-grid, you must consider how much power you use over time and also the sum of your maximum power usage at any given moment to ensure your capacity in kWh and output in kW are enough. If the output is not high enough you may not be able to run power-hungry appliances at the same time, so you’ll have to think about how you use your power.

For folks like me, simply looking to buy at a cheaper rate to use when power is more expensive, any capacity will benefit you. But if you have a cheap six-hour rate overnight, for example, then you ideally want it to last for the other 18 hours. It makes sense to get as much as you can up-front because the installation costs are high. Even adding to modular systems later often requires professional installation to avoid voiding your warranty.

Do You Need Upgrades or Permission?

The home battery will connect to your main electrical panel via a cable, and it may require some upgrades. There was no room on my fuse board when I got a home battery installed, so they had to install a second breaker box.

Some inverters may require permission from your electric distribution utility or local distribution company. Here in Scotland, the distribution network operator must approve your inverter, but you can install and then notify up to 3.6 kW, whereas larger inverters require prior approval.

#Home #Batteries #Arent #Doomsday #Preppers #Heresshopping,energy,batteries,how-to,smart home,power">Home Batteries Aren’t Just for Doomsday Preppers. Here’s Why You Might Want One

With electricity costs soaring, home batteries have never looked so attractive. Whether you want to store the excess generated by your solar panels or simply buy electricity at the cheapest possible rate to use later when power is most expensive, a home battery can help. It’s never been easier to get a home battery installed, but this rapidly expanding market can be confusing, and there are several things to consider before you buy.

I’ve spent months researching home batteries, chatting to folks who use them, and then having one installed myself, and I have tips for anyone interested in getting a home battery of their own.

Why Would You Want a Home Battery?

There are several reasons you might want to invest in a home battery, and they are not mutually exclusive:

  • You want to store excess power from your solar panels.
  • You want to live off-grid.
  • You want to guard against power outages.
  • You want to buy electricity at a cheap rate and store it for use later.

Home batteries are a win-win, potentially benefiting power companies too, because battery storage is an essential part of grid balancing and can help manage and make the most of the intermittent power generated by renewables (solar, wind, waves).

How Do Home Batteries Work?

Image may contain Appliance Device Electrical Device and Refrigerator

Photograph: Simon Hill

A home battery is like a big power bank for your home. But rather than lithium-ion, they tend to be lithium iron phosphate (LFP or LiFePO4), because it is safer, more durable, and less prone to thermal runaway. In other words, less likely to overheat and burst into flames. There are a few manufacturers working with sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries, which are potentially cheaper, more environmentally friendly (they don’t require lithium), and perform better in the cold, but they are also larger and don’t last as long.

Home battery technology is often the same as you’ll find in electric vehicles. Some folks have even suggested employing EV batteries as home batteries. But there are potential issues with that, not least finding your car battery drained in the morning. EVs are also driving the technology forward toward solid-state batteries, which are smaller for the same capacity, safer as they don’t have liquid electrolytes inside, and longer lasting.

Many home batteries come in modular systems, so you can add the capacity you want, but they require an inverter to convert the DC (direct current) power stored to AC (alternating current) power you can use. Folks with solar panels, or those who plan to add them in the future, should opt for a hybrid inverter, which can also convert the power from the panels for use or storage.

Inverters have different power ratings in kilowatts (kW) that dictate how much power you can draw at any given moment. Households with modest needs may get by with a 3.6-kW inverter, but that limits your continuous draw to 3.6 kW. They usually have a peak load capability that goes higher, enabling you to pull more for a brief period. If you have high-demand appliances like an EV charger or heat pump, you will want at least 5 kW, and folks with larger demands or larger batteries will want to go higher (6 to 10 kW).

What Should I Look For?

There are several things to watch out for when buying a home battery:

  • Capacity: Measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), this tells you how much total energy the battery can hold.
  • Power output: Measured in kilowatts (kW), this shows how much energy the battery and inverter can deliver at any moment.
  • Depth of discharge: This is how much of the battery’s capacity you can safely use without damaging it.
  • Efficiency: This is the percentage of the power you put into the battery that you can actually use, because some energy is always lost in the storage process.
  • Warranty: This is a guarantee about the minimum performance you can expect before a battery degrades (they all degrade over time), and it’s often stated in years and charging cycles (whichever comes first). For example, EcoFlow promises at least 70 percent capacity after 15 years or 6,000 charging cycles.

How Much Home Battery Do You Need?

Image may contain Electronics Mobile Phone Phone Computer Hardware and Hardware

EcoFlow via Simon Hill

It can be tricky to calculate how much battery capacity you need, and it depends on your use case. If you want to guard against outages or live off-grid, you must consider how much power you use over time and also the sum of your maximum power usage at any given moment to ensure your capacity in kWh and output in kW are enough. If the output is not high enough you may not be able to run power-hungry appliances at the same time, so you’ll have to think about how you use your power.

For folks like me, simply looking to buy at a cheaper rate to use when power is more expensive, any capacity will benefit you. But if you have a cheap six-hour rate overnight, for example, then you ideally want it to last for the other 18 hours. It makes sense to get as much as you can up-front because the installation costs are high. Even adding to modular systems later often requires professional installation to avoid voiding your warranty.

Do You Need Upgrades or Permission?

The home battery will connect to your main electrical panel via a cable, and it may require some upgrades. There was no room on my fuse board when I got a home battery installed, so they had to install a second breaker box.

Some inverters may require permission from your electric distribution utility or local distribution company. Here in Scotland, the distribution network operator must approve your inverter, but you can install and then notify up to 3.6 kW, whereas larger inverters require prior approval.

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