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Algae-Grown Bioplastic Passes Mars Pressure Test, Boosting Hopes for Red Planet Habitats

Algae-Grown Bioplastic Passes Mars Pressure Test, Boosting Hopes for Red Planet Habitats

In a major step forward for sustainable space travel, researchers have been able to successfully grow algae inside biodegradable bioplastic, which mimics the conditions of the extreme Martian environment. The experiment was intended to see how well materials made of polylactic acid could keep conditions habitable on Mars, where the surface pressure is less than 1 percent that of the Earth’s. It’s an important step toward the development of self-sustaining habitats for the human portion of the expeditionary force that require regenerative biological systems instead of expensive resupply missions from Earth.

Algae Thrive in Bioplastic Chambers Under Mars-Like Conditions, Paving Way for Space Habitats

As per a study published in Science Advances, a research team led by Robin Wordsworth of Harvard University demonstrated that the green algae Dunaliella tertiolecta could not only survive but perform photosynthesis inside 3D-printed chambers engineered to replicate Mars’s thin, carbon dioxide–rich atmosphere. The bioplastic chamber also protected the algae from ultraviolet radiation while allowing enough light for biological activity. Liquid water was stabilised using a pressure gradient within the chamber.

The researchers highlighted that bioplastics offer distinct advantages over traditional industrial

materials, which are difficult to recycle or transport in space. Since polylactic acid is derived from natural sources, it could potentially be manufactured or regenerated on-site using algae—establishing a self-sustaining loop. “If you have a habitat that is composed of bioplastic and it grows algae within it, that algae could produce more bioplastic,” Wordsworth noted in a statement.

This latest experiment builds on the team’s earlier work involving silica aerogels that replicated Earth’s greenhouse conditions. By combining algae-based bioplastic systems for material regeneration with aerogels for thermal and atmospheric control, the team sees a viable path forward to long-term extraterrestrial habitation. The chambers’ success under Mars-like conditions reinforces the possibility of using biologically sourced materials to support life beyond Earth.

In future experiments, those systems are to be tested in harsher vacuum conditions, eventually for the benefit of human spaceflight and with spinoff applications on Earth, said Wordsworth, who contends such technology can have spinoff benefits.

 

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In the past decade, we’ve had three Venom films, six Spider-Man films, and zero instances of the two meeting. Oh, sure. Tom Hardy’s Eddie Brock briefly spoke about Spider-Man at one point. And, way back in another multiverse, Tobey Maguire’s webslinger faced off against the symbiote. But in the current theatrical life cycle of both characters, in both live action and animation, the arch-enemies have yet to showdown.

And while we assume that wait continues with Spider-Man: Brand New Day (no spoilers here), some of the people responsible don’t want fans to give up hope. Speaking to Happy Sad Confused, Spider-Man: Brand New Day producers Amy Pascal and Kevin Feige talked about a potential meet-up between the Toms.

“It would be great, let’s put it that way,” Pascal said. Feige then added, “Always have hope,” before Pascal tagged on, “I have hope. We have hope.” Of course, that’s a whole lot of nothing. But what it isn’t is a “No.” Here’s the quote as part of a longer clip.

Okay, so assuming that team-up doesn’t happen in Brand New Day (nothing in the marketing has indicated it could, but we wouldn’t want to completely rule it out), when could it happen?

Pascal did confirm the recent news of a Venom animated movie being in the works. So, maybe we see it happen in animation. Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse is also in the works, and it’s been well-established in that world that every Spider-Man or Spider-Man-adjacent movie is part of an infinite Spider-Verse. Maybe it happens then.

Live action gets a little murkier, though. The general assumption is Holland’s Spider-Man will be seen after Brand New Day in 2027’s Avengers: Secret Wars. And that film is, again, rumored to feature all manner of cameos: Hugh Jackman’s Wolverine, Tobey Maguire’s Spider-Man, etc. Surely Venom, an alien by origin, could feature in that in some way. But we don’t think so.

Honestly, the most likely place for this crossover would be a future Spider-Man film and, of course, none of those have been written yet. So “hope” is basically all there is. However, we can all but guarantee Brand New Day is going to be a massive financial success and force Sony to continue making Spider-Man movies. Venom seems like a perfect place for the story to go next. After Secret Wars, of course.

Do you think Tom Holland’s Spider-Man will ever fight Venom? And, if so, will it be Tom Hardy? Let us know below. And, if you are really craving that crossover, Marvel’s Spider-Man 2 video game does a hell of a job of it.

Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

#SpiderMans #Producers #Arent #Ruling #Venom #CrossoverAmy Pascal,Kevin Feige,Spider-Man,Venom">Spider-Man’s Producers Still Aren’t Ruling Out a Venom Crossover
                In the past decade, we’ve had three Venom films, six Spider-Man films, and zero instances of the two meeting. Oh, sure. Tom Hardy’s Eddie Brock briefly spoke about Spider-Man at one point. And, way back in another multiverse, Tobey Maguire’s webslinger faced off against the symbiote. But in the current theatrical life cycle of both characters, in both live action and animation, the arch-enemies have yet to showdown.

 And while we assume that wait continues with Spider-Man: Brand New Day (no spoilers here), some of the people responsible don’t want fans to give up hope. Speaking to Happy Sad Confused, Spider-Man: Brand New Day producers Amy Pascal and Kevin Feige talked about a potential meet-up between the Toms. “It would be great, let’s put it that way,” Pascal said. Feige then added, “Always have hope,” before Pascal tagged on, “I have hope. We have hope.” Of course, that’s a whole lot of nothing. But what it isn’t is a “No.” Here’s the quote as part of a longer clip.   Okay, so assuming that team-up doesn’t happen in Brand New Day (nothing in the marketing has indicated it could, but we wouldn’t want to completely rule it out), when could it happen?

 Pascal did confirm the recent news of a Venom animated movie being in the works. So, maybe we see it happen in animation. Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse is also in the works, and it’s been well-established in that world that every Spider-Man or Spider-Man-adjacent movie is part of an infinite Spider-Verse. Maybe it happens then. Live action gets a little murkier, though. The general assumption is Holland’s Spider-Man will be seen after Brand New Day in 2027’s Avengers: Secret Wars. And that film is, again, rumored to feature all manner of cameos: Hugh Jackman’s Wolverine, Tobey Maguire’s Spider-Man, etc. Surely Venom, an alien by origin, could feature in that in some way. But we don’t think so.

 Honestly, the most likely place for this crossover would be a future Spider-Man film and, of course, none of those have been written yet. So “hope” is basically all there is. However, we can all but guarantee Brand New Day is going to be a massive financial success and force Sony to continue making Spider-Man movies. Venom seems like a perfect place for the story to go next. After Secret Wars, of course. Do you think Tom Holland’s Spider-Man will ever fight Venom? And, if so, will it be Tom Hardy? Let us know below. And, if you are really craving that crossover, Marvel’s Spider-Man 2 video game does a hell of a job of it.  Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.      #SpiderMans #Producers #Arent #Ruling #Venom #CrossoverAmy Pascal,Kevin Feige,Spider-Man,Venom

Spider-Man films, and zero instances of the two meeting. Oh, sure. Tom Hardy’s Eddie Brock briefly spoke about Spider-Man at one point. And, way back in another multiverse, Tobey Maguire’s webslinger faced off against the symbiote. But in the current theatrical life cycle of both characters, in both live action and animation, the arch-enemies have yet to showdown.

And while we assume that wait continues with Spider-Man: Brand New Day (no spoilers here), some of the people responsible don’t want fans to give up hope. Speaking to Happy Sad Confused, Spider-Man: Brand New Day producers Amy Pascal and Kevin Feige talked about a potential meet-up between the Toms.

“It would be great, let’s put it that way,” Pascal said. Feige then added, “Always have hope,” before Pascal tagged on, “I have hope. We have hope.” Of course, that’s a whole lot of nothing. But what it isn’t is a “No.” Here’s the quote as part of a longer clip.

Okay, so assuming that team-up doesn’t happen in Brand New Day (nothing in the marketing has indicated it could, but we wouldn’t want to completely rule it out), when could it happen?

Pascal did confirm the recent news of a Venom animated movie being in the works. So, maybe we see it happen in animation. Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse is also in the works, and it’s been well-established in that world that every Spider-Man or Spider-Man-adjacent movie is part of an infinite Spider-Verse. Maybe it happens then.

Live action gets a little murkier, though. The general assumption is Holland’s Spider-Man will be seen after Brand New Day in 2027’s Avengers: Secret Wars. And that film is, again, rumored to feature all manner of cameos: Hugh Jackman’s Wolverine, Tobey Maguire’s Spider-Man, etc. Surely Venom, an alien by origin, could feature in that in some way. But we don’t think so.

Honestly, the most likely place for this crossover would be a future Spider-Man film and, of course, none of those have been written yet. So “hope” is basically all there is. However, we can all but guarantee Brand New Day is going to be a massive financial success and force Sony to continue making Spider-Man movies. Venom seems like a perfect place for the story to go next. After Secret Wars, of course.

Do you think Tom Holland’s Spider-Man will ever fight Venom? And, if so, will it be Tom Hardy? Let us know below. And, if you are really craving that crossover, Marvel’s Spider-Man 2 video game does a hell of a job of it.

Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

#SpiderMans #Producers #Arent #Ruling #Venom #CrossoverAmy Pascal,Kevin Feige,Spider-Man,Venom">Spider-Man’s Producers Still Aren’t Ruling Out a Venom CrossoverSpider-Man’s Producers Still Aren’t Ruling Out a Venom Crossover
                In the past decade, we’ve had three Venom films, six Spider-Man films, and zero instances of the two meeting. Oh, sure. Tom Hardy’s Eddie Brock briefly spoke about Spider-Man at one point. And, way back in another multiverse, Tobey Maguire’s webslinger faced off against the symbiote. But in the current theatrical life cycle of both characters, in both live action and animation, the arch-enemies have yet to showdown.

 And while we assume that wait continues with Spider-Man: Brand New Day (no spoilers here), some of the people responsible don’t want fans to give up hope. Speaking to Happy Sad Confused, Spider-Man: Brand New Day producers Amy Pascal and Kevin Feige talked about a potential meet-up between the Toms. “It would be great, let’s put it that way,” Pascal said. Feige then added, “Always have hope,” before Pascal tagged on, “I have hope. We have hope.” Of course, that’s a whole lot of nothing. But what it isn’t is a “No.” Here’s the quote as part of a longer clip.   Okay, so assuming that team-up doesn’t happen in Brand New Day (nothing in the marketing has indicated it could, but we wouldn’t want to completely rule it out), when could it happen?

 Pascal did confirm the recent news of a Venom animated movie being in the works. So, maybe we see it happen in animation. Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse is also in the works, and it’s been well-established in that world that every Spider-Man or Spider-Man-adjacent movie is part of an infinite Spider-Verse. Maybe it happens then. Live action gets a little murkier, though. The general assumption is Holland’s Spider-Man will be seen after Brand New Day in 2027’s Avengers: Secret Wars. And that film is, again, rumored to feature all manner of cameos: Hugh Jackman’s Wolverine, Tobey Maguire’s Spider-Man, etc. Surely Venom, an alien by origin, could feature in that in some way. But we don’t think so.

 Honestly, the most likely place for this crossover would be a future Spider-Man film and, of course, none of those have been written yet. So “hope” is basically all there is. However, we can all but guarantee Brand New Day is going to be a massive financial success and force Sony to continue making Spider-Man movies. Venom seems like a perfect place for the story to go next. After Secret Wars, of course. Do you think Tom Holland’s Spider-Man will ever fight Venom? And, if so, will it be Tom Hardy? Let us know below. And, if you are really craving that crossover, Marvel’s Spider-Man 2 video game does a hell of a job of it.  Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.      #SpiderMans #Producers #Arent #Ruling #Venom #CrossoverAmy Pascal,Kevin Feige,Spider-Man,Venom

In the past decade, we’ve had three Venom films, six Spider-Man films, and zero instances of the two meeting. Oh, sure. Tom Hardy’s Eddie Brock briefly spoke about Spider-Man at one point. And, way back in another multiverse, Tobey Maguire’s webslinger faced off against the symbiote. But in the current theatrical life cycle of both characters, in both live action and animation, the arch-enemies have yet to showdown.

And while we assume that wait continues with Spider-Man: Brand New Day (no spoilers here), some of the people responsible don’t want fans to give up hope. Speaking to Happy Sad Confused, Spider-Man: Brand New Day producers Amy Pascal and Kevin Feige talked about a potential meet-up between the Toms.

“It would be great, let’s put it that way,” Pascal said. Feige then added, “Always have hope,” before Pascal tagged on, “I have hope. We have hope.” Of course, that’s a whole lot of nothing. But what it isn’t is a “No.” Here’s the quote as part of a longer clip.

Okay, so assuming that team-up doesn’t happen in Brand New Day (nothing in the marketing has indicated it could, but we wouldn’t want to completely rule it out), when could it happen?

Pascal did confirm the recent news of a Venom animated movie being in the works. So, maybe we see it happen in animation. Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse is also in the works, and it’s been well-established in that world that every Spider-Man or Spider-Man-adjacent movie is part of an infinite Spider-Verse. Maybe it happens then.

Live action gets a little murkier, though. The general assumption is Holland’s Spider-Man will be seen after Brand New Day in 2027’s Avengers: Secret Wars. And that film is, again, rumored to feature all manner of cameos: Hugh Jackman’s Wolverine, Tobey Maguire’s Spider-Man, etc. Surely Venom, an alien by origin, could feature in that in some way. But we don’t think so.

Honestly, the most likely place for this crossover would be a future Spider-Man film and, of course, none of those have been written yet. So “hope” is basically all there is. However, we can all but guarantee Brand New Day is going to be a massive financial success and force Sony to continue making Spider-Man movies. Venom seems like a perfect place for the story to go next. After Secret Wars, of course.

Do you think Tom Holland’s Spider-Man will ever fight Venom? And, if so, will it be Tom Hardy? Let us know below. And, if you are really craving that crossover, Marvel’s Spider-Man 2 video game does a hell of a job of it.

Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

#SpiderMans #Producers #Arent #Ruling #Venom #CrossoverAmy Pascal,Kevin Feige,Spider-Man,Venom

It’s one of the most expensive for a reason, and comes with more attachments than any other model. I do find myself regularly grabbing the Fluffy Optic head for vacuuming my hard floors, which cover many square feet of my home. If you’re looking to really splurge on the best vacuum, this is still the one to get.

The only downside is compatibility with Dyson’s bigger attachments, namely a mop head or docking station. It doesn’t have a Submarine option like the V16 or V15, and Dyson’s Auto-empty Dok won’t work with this model. But if you aren’t worried about add-ons, this is the vacuum to buy. It’s had better sales since the launch of the new models, too.

The Runner-Up

The V16 Piston Animal’s powerful 315 air watts of suction did pretty well on almost every test. My only issue with this vacuum compared to the Gen5Detect is that it was more likely to push small debris (in my tests, both sand and litter) into a pile in front of itself if you were vacuuming a large spill. Gen5Detect did better all around, but the V16 Piston Animal stayed close behind that hiccup.

It’s a powerful all-around vacuum with some nice design upgrades to make it a little easier to use. This newer model has a release below the vacuum motor to release the cleaner head without having to bend down, and built-in crevice tools to both the handheld motor and the long wand that makes up the middle of the device. There’s also a compressor to help push dust out of the dustbin, and it’ll be compatible with Dyson’s upcoming self-emptying docking station. There’s also a Submarine version ($1,100) so you can use this vacuum as a mop, too.

It has some nice quality-of-life upgrades, but it’s really expensive. I’d recommend it if you know you also want to invest in the mop head and docking station; otherwise, just get the Gen5Detect.

The Affordable All-Arounder

One of the best overall performers is nearly half the price of my winners. The Dyson V10 Konical never once scored in last place, and was especially comfortable to use on carpets and rugs with the new cleaner head design. It did much better than the more expensive and powerful Gen5Detect and V15 Detect when vacuuming up sand, and I found it more comfortable to push around than the Digital Motorbar head on the V15 and V8 when it came to vacuuming a low-pile rug.

#Testing #Dysons #Vacuums #Clear #Winnershopping,household,vacuums,cleaning,dyson">After Testing Dyson’s New Vacuums Against the Old, There’s a Clear WinnerIt’s one of the most expensive for a reason, and comes with more attachments than any other model. I do find myself regularly grabbing the Fluffy Optic head for vacuuming my hard floors, which cover many square feet of my home. If you’re looking to really splurge on the best vacuum, this is still the one to get.The only downside is compatibility with Dyson’s bigger attachments, namely a mop head or docking station. It doesn’t have a Submarine option like the V16 or V15, and Dyson’s Auto-empty Dok won’t work with this model. But if you aren’t worried about add-ons, this is the vacuum to buy. It’s had better sales since the launch of the new models, too.The Runner-UpThe V16 Piston Animal’s powerful 315 air watts of suction did pretty well on almost every test. My only issue with this vacuum compared to the Gen5Detect is that it was more likely to push small debris (in my tests, both sand and litter) into a pile in front of itself if you were vacuuming a large spill. Gen5Detect did better all around, but the V16 Piston Animal stayed close behind that hiccup.It’s a powerful all-around vacuum with some nice design upgrades to make it a little easier to use. This newer model has a release below the vacuum motor to release the cleaner head without having to bend down, and built-in crevice tools to both the handheld motor and the long wand that makes up the middle of the device. There’s also a compressor to help push dust out of the dustbin, and it’ll be compatible with Dyson’s upcoming self-emptying docking station. There’s also a Submarine version (,100) so you can use this vacuum as a mop, too.It has some nice quality-of-life upgrades, but it’s really expensive. I’d recommend it if you know you also want to invest in the mop head and docking station; otherwise, just get the Gen5Detect.The Affordable All-ArounderOne of the best overall performers is nearly half the price of my winners. The Dyson V10 Konical never once scored in last place, and was especially comfortable to use on carpets and rugs with the new cleaner head design. It did much better than the more expensive and powerful Gen5Detect and V15 Detect when vacuuming up sand, and I found it more comfortable to push around than the Digital Motorbar head on the V15 and V8 when it came to vacuuming a low-pile rug.#Testing #Dysons #Vacuums #Clear #Winnershopping,household,vacuums,cleaning,dyson

The V16 Piston Animal’s powerful 315 air watts of suction did pretty well on almost every test. My only issue with this vacuum compared to the Gen5Detect is that it was more likely to push small debris (in my tests, both sand and litter) into a pile in front of itself if you were vacuuming a large spill. Gen5Detect did better all around, but the V16 Piston Animal stayed close behind that hiccup.

It’s a powerful all-around vacuum with some nice design upgrades to make it a little easier to use. This newer model has a release below the vacuum motor to release the cleaner head without having to bend down, and built-in crevice tools to both the handheld motor and the long wand that makes up the middle of the device. There’s also a compressor to help push dust out of the dustbin, and it’ll be compatible with Dyson’s upcoming self-emptying docking station. There’s also a Submarine version ($1,100) so you can use this vacuum as a mop, too.

It has some nice quality-of-life upgrades, but it’s really expensive. I’d recommend it if you know you also want to invest in the mop head and docking station; otherwise, just get the Gen5Detect.

The Affordable All-Arounder

One of the best overall performers is nearly half the price of my winners. The Dyson V10 Konical never once scored in last place, and was especially comfortable to use on carpets and rugs with the new cleaner head design. It did much better than the more expensive and powerful Gen5Detect and V15 Detect when vacuuming up sand, and I found it more comfortable to push around than the Digital Motorbar head on the V15 and V8 when it came to vacuuming a low-pile rug.

#Testing #Dysons #Vacuums #Clear #Winnershopping,household,vacuums,cleaning,dyson">After Testing Dyson’s New Vacuums Against the Old, There’s a Clear Winner

It’s one of the most expensive for a reason, and comes with more attachments than any other model. I do find myself regularly grabbing the Fluffy Optic head for vacuuming my hard floors, which cover many square feet of my home. If you’re looking to really splurge on the best vacuum, this is still the one to get.

The only downside is compatibility with Dyson’s bigger attachments, namely a mop head or docking station. It doesn’t have a Submarine option like the V16 or V15, and Dyson’s Auto-empty Dok won’t work with this model. But if you aren’t worried about add-ons, this is the vacuum to buy. It’s had better sales since the launch of the new models, too.

The Runner-Up

The V16 Piston Animal’s powerful 315 air watts of suction did pretty well on almost every test. My only issue with this vacuum compared to the Gen5Detect is that it was more likely to push small debris (in my tests, both sand and litter) into a pile in front of itself if you were vacuuming a large spill. Gen5Detect did better all around, but the V16 Piston Animal stayed close behind that hiccup.

It’s a powerful all-around vacuum with some nice design upgrades to make it a little easier to use. This newer model has a release below the vacuum motor to release the cleaner head without having to bend down, and built-in crevice tools to both the handheld motor and the long wand that makes up the middle of the device. There’s also a compressor to help push dust out of the dustbin, and it’ll be compatible with Dyson’s upcoming self-emptying docking station. There’s also a Submarine version ($1,100) so you can use this vacuum as a mop, too.

It has some nice quality-of-life upgrades, but it’s really expensive. I’d recommend it if you know you also want to invest in the mop head and docking station; otherwise, just get the Gen5Detect.

The Affordable All-Arounder

One of the best overall performers is nearly half the price of my winners. The Dyson V10 Konical never once scored in last place, and was especially comfortable to use on carpets and rugs with the new cleaner head design. It did much better than the more expensive and powerful Gen5Detect and V15 Detect when vacuuming up sand, and I found it more comfortable to push around than the Digital Motorbar head on the V15 and V8 when it came to vacuuming a low-pile rug.

#Testing #Dysons #Vacuums #Clear #Winnershopping,household,vacuums,cleaning,dyson

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