People reach for all kinds of metaphors to describe their relationship to AI. For some, AI is like a mostly reliable intern. For others, it’s a virtual assistant. Increasingly, chatbots like ChatGPT are moving into the role of companion, therapist, even romantic partner. As a college writing professor, I’ve come to think of AI as a collaborator: an archive of knowledge that talks back. But as a sober alcoholic myself, I also can’t help but imagine it as a high-functioning drunk: It can sometimes sound brilliant even when it has no idea what it’s talking about.
I can tell you stories about the ways AI has come through when I needed it, saving me hours of time by doing mundane tasks, proofreading my writing, or conversing about my latest research obsessions. But then there are those other times when it lies with a cheery tone, when it seems to not understand a word I’m saying but just keeps talking rather than admit it’s wrong or that it doesn’t have an answer. Like a few weeks ago, when I asked ChatGPT to turn my written remarks for an academic conference into a slide deck. My talk was about literary journalism, and it proudly offered me a presentation about luxury travel in Brazil.
Off-the-rails incidents like that give me plenty of cautionary tales to share with my students. But even though I think AI undercuts some of the most important human reasons to write, not all kinds of writing are the same. To write, we often have to research first, and after we’ve written a draft we need critical feedback. Instead of taking a reactionary approach to AI, I want to explore with my students how it can be a useful collaborator in that process.
Chatting with the archive
So much of college writing is based on research and reading, a process that trains the mind to organize information and think logically. But using new technologies for that process doesn’t mean we’re not still doing critical mental work. Just in my lifetime, those technologies have changed radically: We’ve gone from library card catalogs and microfiche to online databases like JSTOR and Google Scholar. Those tools don’t require any less thinking—they just speed up some of the brainstorming and collecting information, and they expand the amount of knowledge we’re able to consider.
Because I had witnessed this rapid digitization of research and writing tools even before AI, I’m more inclined to imagine ways AI can be a collaborative research partner. In my field, for example, literary scholars spend hours combing through primary sources in libraries and archives. Digitization has already made these easier to access, and AI may make them easier to analyze.
Lately, I’ve realized we could think of talking to an AI chatbot not like browsing an archive, but like conversing with one. Before we dive into more intensive work, we can have a research-orienting chat with a “mind” that at least has a general idea of what’s out there. A few weeks ago, I used my limited access to ChatGPT’s advanced voice function to ask if it thought that this idea of chatting with the archive was a reasonable way to understand what is happening when I converse with AI. It answered, “When you’re talking to an AI like me, you’re accessing a vast amount of information and patterns derived from human knowledge up to a certain point.” It also hedged a bit: “It’s important to remember that while I can provide information and insights based on that knowledge, I don’t possess human experiences or consciousness. So, while it might feel like conversing with a vast reservoir of knowledge, it’s always good to consider the human perspective and context as well.”
Still, as our conversation went on and my questions got more pointed, I could ask it to provide references and places I could go to do further reading. Since that first tentative conversation, this pre-writing conversation with AI is becoming part of my workflow. I’ve always found it easier to work out my ideas through dialogue, but not many people are interested in hearing my half-baked ideas. That is why I’ve found that talking through ideas is one of the best uses of AI for writers.
Creating your own mini-archive
While talking with AI has proven helpful for idea generation — and the fact that it keeps a transcript makes it easier to refer to later — there are a growing number of AI-based tools designed to help with the more intensive phases of research. At the end of the fall semester last year, a student sent me an email asking if I’d heard of Google’s NotebookLM. I hadn’t, but when I opened the link, I got the concept almost immediately. NotebookLM takes the idea of talking to the archive to the next level: The archive you chat with is one you assemble yourself with sources for a particular project, which the AI can also help you collect to get started.
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Preparing for my recent conference talk, I dumped 25 PDFs that I had assembled and stored in Zotero, my favorite citation manager, into NotebookLM’s interface. It quickly “read” them and provided a summary that began, “These sources discuss ordinary language philosophy, primarily focusing on the work of Wittgenstein, Austin, and Cavell, and its relationship to other philosophical and literary movements like pragmatism, transcendentalism, and deconstruction.” Below the summary is a text entry field that encourages me to “Start typing…” and provides some suggested prompts like, “How does ordinary language philosophy challenge traditional philosophical approaches to meaning?”
On the right side of the page, in an area designated “Studio,” I’m invited to create an audio overview, which takes the form of a podcast, complete with two voices — one male, one female — bantering about my chosen topic. If I use Interactive Mode, I get treated like a caller on an old late night radio show. I get compliments for my great questions and responses based on the documents I provided. The podcast part isn’t great yet; it’s creepily pandering, but I can envision it getting better and becoming more useful. NotebookLM has other helpful features: It can create a “Mind Map,” study guide, briefing doc, FAQ, and timeline. I’ll continue to use it and suggest students do so as well.
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A not-quite writing tutor
One more way that AI could prove helpful to student writers is in its ability to provide instant feedback on student writing. When I asked ChatGPT about this concept, it encouraged me to “think of AI like a writing tutor that’s available 24/7” with the caveat that it “lacks the personal touch and nuanced understanding of individual students that a human tutor provides.”
I pasted in the full text of one of my previous Mashable stories and asked for suggestions. It seemed well-versed in what we refer to in classroom peer workshop sessions as the “compliment sandwich”: criticism folded in between two compliments.
It told me, “This is a compelling, eloquently written piece…your voice is authentic and reflective,” before offering “some suggestions to elevate the piece further.” Again, it began with “Strengths to Keep,” followed by “Suggestions for Improvement,” including “tighten the opening,” “strengthen transitions,” and “consider a stronger conclusion.” It also had a few “minor style edits” to suggest. Finally, it provided an overall rating: 9/10.
Maybe it was all the compliments, but I got greedy. I pasted in another essay (9.5/10) and then the conference talk I was working on. The overall impression started off great: “Your paper presents a compelling argument for the value of literary journalism that focuses on the “ordinary” and ‘quotidian.’” That’s true, though I never used the word “quotidian.” But then — I should have expected — it went off the rails. “The references to foundational figures (e.g., Bateson, Becker, Carey, Geertz, Tuchman) and contemporary examples (e.g., Kiese Laymon, Eliza Griswold, E. Tammy Kim) help situate your argument within a well-informed scholarly framework.” I don’t reference any of those figures as foundational or otherwise.
I called its attention to this, and it said I was “absolutely right” and thanked me for pointing it out. Its explanation, however, was still baffling: “I mistakenly based part of my response on assumptions or cached ideas from other academic discussions of literary journalism, not your specific paper.” I study literary journalism; the names ChatGPT dropped belong to writers, but they are not scholars in my field. Still, after I corrected it, we got back on track and it provided feedback, again utilizing the compliment sandwich.
I’m not sure what to make of the fact that ChatGPT fared much better against my more journalistic writing as opposed to the academic, except that it provides yet another opportunity for me to urge caution when helping students think through appropriate uses of AI to complement — rather than replace — the writing process.
Ultimately, I love the notion of AI as conversant, albeit something that occasionally overindulges, leading it to overly flatter and outright lie. I’m all for the notion that, in talking with a chatbot, writers can approximate something like talking to a whole host of human knowledge, especially with a tool like NotebookLM that lets writers “teach” the AI about a topic before discussing it.
AI as a collaborator appeals to me, even if I have to approach it with a healthy sense of skepticism, always prepared for the next time it will let me down.
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![This former notorious red-light district is now one of the world’s top AI hubs | TechCrunch
What every U.K. AI startup wants to know these days is, how can I get office space in King’s Cross?
The area is so hot that a VC firm allegedly recently won a deal by promising a founder office space in the neighborhood. “We stop at nothing to win deals [for] and to support” founders, “including helping them source office space when needed,” the firm told me when asked about the rumor, declining to confirm or deny any details.
The neighborhood’s popularity began back in 2016 when DeepMind — then newly acquired by Google — moved in. Soon after, a flood of AI startups followed, wanting to be around the Google DeepMind magic. Today, they hope to take advantage of the cluster of AI talent there.
This has transformed King’s Cross into one of the world’s top AI hubs, rivaled only by San Francisco and Beijing. Around London, it’s known by the sobriquet “Knowledge Quarter,” as it’s home to names like OpenAI, Meta, Isomorphic Labs, Cusp AI, Wayne, Recursive, and, a little farther down the road, Synthesia and Anthropic. The European Technology Network (ETN) just moved into a glossy new office nearby, while University College London sits around the corner.
Mixed in with the new developments are trendy food spots like Hoppers and BAO. Hop a train from King’s Cross, and founders can be in Cambridge in 45 minutes to source talent or can be in Paris in two hours to strike a deal.
Who would have guessed that a little more than 20 years ago, this was one of the seediest areas in London?
“In the ’80s, crack and heroin made the area a major narcotics market,” Hussein Kanji, an investor at Hoxton Ventures, said, recalling syringes in tree trunks and gangs patrolling the streets. “In 1982, the local church was occupied by the English Collective of Prostitutes for 12 straight days.” Then, in the early 2000s, a real estate developer had a dream and, well, “now it is the AI hotbed of the United Kingdom,” Kanji said. “What a change.” Around 18 months ago, his portfolio company BioCorteX moved from the neighborhood Holborn to the Jellicoe building in King’s Cross, hoping to be near the action. “Lots going on in London right now,” Nik Sharma, co-founder of BioCorteX, told me. “Lots of hyperscalers moving in.” That includes, reportedly, Jeff Bezos’ AI company Prometheus, which is also said to be in talks to move into the Jellicoe.
There are around 3,600 AI startups in London, which, together, have raised around .1 billion out of the .8 billion raised in the city since late July, according to Dealroom. Since the start of June, AI-related startups have leased more than 1 million square feet of office space in London, according to the real estate firm Knight Frank. With that, prime rents in King’s Cross have risen 18% over the past three years, Chris Dunn, a commercial insight associate at the firm, told me. That percentage represents only the largest leases encompassing at least 10,000 square feet, like the ones OpenAI and Prometheus are signing. The shorter deals go for even more, he said, and now the vacancy rate for conventional office space is just 0.9%. “Demand has outstripped supply,” he continued.
Today, one of the big topics of the area is sovereignty. It was a wake-up call for many when Anthropic shut off access to Mythos and Fable this summer, leaving some in the ecosystem to conclude: “We’d better look after ourselves,” Saul Klein, co-founder of the VC firm Phoenix Court, told me.
Phoenix Court is located in the King’s Cross area and has three portfolio companies in the vicinity, including Olix (which just announced a .3 billion valuation), Early Health and CoMind. Robin Klein, co-founder of the firm, said the shutdown of Fable and Mythos access was a “small but sharp reminder that Europe can’t simply rent its AI capabilities and capacity; it needs to build and hold some of its own.” King’s Cross, he said, is where much of this building is actually happening.
“The bigger question,” he continued, “is whether the U.K. builds the infrastructure, compute, energy, capital, to make this self-reliance durable, rather than just hosting outposts of U.S. labs.”
Image Credits:Phoenix Court
Top founders want to stay
Simon Kohl, founder of Latent Labs, has offices in King’s Cross and San Francisco. The London office, at the moment, is growing faster, and he’s more bullish than ever on the ecosystem, he said. “The mood right now feels less like London trying to catch up and more like London becoming one of the default places to start a serious AI company,” he said. Look around and you are likely to see Wayve testing its autonomous cars. Founded in 2017 by co-founder Alex Kendall, the unicorn is one of London’s biggest success stories.
“Ten years ago, building a frontier AI company from London felt like an unusual choice,” Kendall told me. “Now it feels like an obvious one.” Wayve moved into King’s Cross in 2018 looking for a space that could double as a garage — “a rare combination in Central London,” Kendall said. He has watched the ecosystem mature around him — and it’s now evident that a startup can stay in London, raise serious capital, hire world-class AI talent, and remain globally competitive, he said. Down the street from Anthropic’s new 158,000-square-foot office is the AI agent builder Sierra and the AI video platform Synthesia.
Laura Gonzalez Florez, Synthesia’s chief of staff and head of people, says the company moved into its glossy new office building a year ago to accommodate its growing team. They were drawn to the area for the same reason as everyone else: “It’s very close to the airport … very close to where a lot of investors are,” she said.
Image Credits:Synthesia
Around two-thirds of Synthesia’s engineers are remote, Gonzalez Florez said, letting the company tap into an affordable, international, and diverse talent pool and helping it scale faster. “From London, we can hire and work, without any problem, people from anywhere, from Slovenia to Portugal,” she said.
Unsurprisingly, London’s AI boom is also causing a talent war.U.K. AI job postings have skyrocketed in the past few years, per data from PwC. When Anthropic announced it moved into town earlier this year, it listed, for example, a salary range of £260,000 to £630,000 for a machine learning research engineer when the average salary in London for the same role is around £102,000. Some founders in the U.K., like those in Silicon Valley, are being forced to raise more and bigger rounds to keep up.
“The real test is whether more globally significant AI companies are founded, funded, and scaled from the U.K., while continuing to attract the world’s best talent to build them here,” Zain Ali, founder of the King’s Cross-based AI legal firm Centuro, told me. “If that continues to happen, King’s Cross won’t just be an AI hub. It’ll become one of the U.K.’s most important strategic assets.”
When you purchase through links in our articles, we may earn a small commission. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.#Thisformernotorious #redlight #districtis #nowone #worlds #top #hubs #TechCrunchUK This former notorious red-light district is now one of the world’s top AI hubs | TechCrunch
What every U.K. AI startup wants to know these days is, how can I get office space in King’s Cross?
The area is so hot that a VC firm allegedly recently won a deal by promising a founder office space in the neighborhood. “We stop at nothing to win deals [for] and to support” founders, “including helping them source office space when needed,” the firm told me when asked about the rumor, declining to confirm or deny any details.
The neighborhood’s popularity began back in 2016 when DeepMind — then newly acquired by Google — moved in. Soon after, a flood of AI startups followed, wanting to be around the Google DeepMind magic. Today, they hope to take advantage of the cluster of AI talent there.
This has transformed King’s Cross into one of the world’s top AI hubs, rivaled only by San Francisco and Beijing. Around London, it’s known by the sobriquet “Knowledge Quarter,” as it’s home to names like OpenAI, Meta, Isomorphic Labs, Cusp AI, Wayne, Recursive, and, a little farther down the road, Synthesia and Anthropic. The European Technology Network (ETN) just moved into a glossy new office nearby, while University College London sits around the corner.
Mixed in with the new developments are trendy food spots like Hoppers and BAO. Hop a train from King’s Cross, and founders can be in Cambridge in 45 minutes to source talent or can be in Paris in two hours to strike a deal.
Who would have guessed that a little more than 20 years ago, this was one of the seediest areas in London?
“In the ’80s, crack and heroin made the area a major narcotics market,” Hussein Kanji, an investor at Hoxton Ventures, said, recalling syringes in tree trunks and gangs patrolling the streets. “In 1982, the local church was occupied by the English Collective of Prostitutes for 12 straight days.” Then, in the early 2000s, a real estate developer had a dream and, well, “now it is the AI hotbed of the United Kingdom,” Kanji said. “What a change.” Around 18 months ago, his portfolio company BioCorteX moved from the neighborhood Holborn to the Jellicoe building in King’s Cross, hoping to be near the action. “Lots going on in London right now,” Nik Sharma, co-founder of BioCorteX, told me. “Lots of hyperscalers moving in.” That includes, reportedly, Jeff Bezos’ AI company Prometheus, which is also said to be in talks to move into the Jellicoe.
There are around 3,600 AI startups in London, which, together, have raised around .1 billion out of the .8 billion raised in the city since late July, according to Dealroom. Since the start of June, AI-related startups have leased more than 1 million square feet of office space in London, according to the real estate firm Knight Frank. With that, prime rents in King’s Cross have risen 18% over the past three years, Chris Dunn, a commercial insight associate at the firm, told me. That percentage represents only the largest leases encompassing at least 10,000 square feet, like the ones OpenAI and Prometheus are signing. The shorter deals go for even more, he said, and now the vacancy rate for conventional office space is just 0.9%. “Demand has outstripped supply,” he continued.
Today, one of the big topics of the area is sovereignty. It was a wake-up call for many when Anthropic shut off access to Mythos and Fable this summer, leaving some in the ecosystem to conclude: “We’d better look after ourselves,” Saul Klein, co-founder of the VC firm Phoenix Court, told me.
Phoenix Court is located in the King’s Cross area and has three portfolio companies in the vicinity, including Olix (which just announced a .3 billion valuation), Early Health and CoMind. Robin Klein, co-founder of the firm, said the shutdown of Fable and Mythos access was a “small but sharp reminder that Europe can’t simply rent its AI capabilities and capacity; it needs to build and hold some of its own.” King’s Cross, he said, is where much of this building is actually happening.
“The bigger question,” he continued, “is whether the U.K. builds the infrastructure, compute, energy, capital, to make this self-reliance durable, rather than just hosting outposts of U.S. labs.”
Image Credits:Phoenix Court
Top founders want to stay
Simon Kohl, founder of Latent Labs, has offices in King’s Cross and San Francisco. The London office, at the moment, is growing faster, and he’s more bullish than ever on the ecosystem, he said. “The mood right now feels less like London trying to catch up and more like London becoming one of the default places to start a serious AI company,” he said. Look around and you are likely to see Wayve testing its autonomous cars. Founded in 2017 by co-founder Alex Kendall, the unicorn is one of London’s biggest success stories.
“Ten years ago, building a frontier AI company from London felt like an unusual choice,” Kendall told me. “Now it feels like an obvious one.” Wayve moved into King’s Cross in 2018 looking for a space that could double as a garage — “a rare combination in Central London,” Kendall said. He has watched the ecosystem mature around him — and it’s now evident that a startup can stay in London, raise serious capital, hire world-class AI talent, and remain globally competitive, he said. Down the street from Anthropic’s new 158,000-square-foot office is the AI agent builder Sierra and the AI video platform Synthesia.
Laura Gonzalez Florez, Synthesia’s chief of staff and head of people, says the company moved into its glossy new office building a year ago to accommodate its growing team. They were drawn to the area for the same reason as everyone else: “It’s very close to the airport … very close to where a lot of investors are,” she said.
Image Credits:Synthesia
Around two-thirds of Synthesia’s engineers are remote, Gonzalez Florez said, letting the company tap into an affordable, international, and diverse talent pool and helping it scale faster. “From London, we can hire and work, without any problem, people from anywhere, from Slovenia to Portugal,” she said.
Unsurprisingly, London’s AI boom is also causing a talent war.U.K. AI job postings have skyrocketed in the past few years, per data from PwC. When Anthropic announced it moved into town earlier this year, it listed, for example, a salary range of £260,000 to £630,000 for a machine learning research engineer when the average salary in London for the same role is around £102,000. Some founders in the U.K., like those in Silicon Valley, are being forced to raise more and bigger rounds to keep up.
“The real test is whether more globally significant AI companies are founded, funded, and scaled from the U.K., while continuing to attract the world’s best talent to build them here,” Zain Ali, founder of the King’s Cross-based AI legal firm Centuro, told me. “If that continues to happen, King’s Cross won’t just be an AI hub. It’ll become one of the U.K.’s most important strategic assets.”
When you purchase through links in our articles, we may earn a small commission. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.#Thisformernotorious #redlight #districtis #nowone #worlds #top #hubs #TechCrunchUK](https://techcrunch.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/DM9A2852.jpg?w=680)

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