Using a new technique based on magnetic-wave analysis, scientists have, for the first time, discovered lithium in the atmosphere of Mercury. Published in Nature Communications, the study constitutes the first detection of lithium around the smallest planet in our solar system. The exosphere of Mercury, Unlike thickened atmospheres, the thin shell of particles that constitutes Mercury’s exosphere can render direct searching methods inadequate. Instead of searching for atoms, scientists analysed pick-up ion cyclotron waves—an electromagnetic fingerprint left behind when solar wind interacts with freshly ionised lithium. These faint signals finally confirmed lithium’s long-speculated presence.
MESSENGER Data Reveals Lithium Traces from Meteoroid Impacts in Mercury’s Exosphere
As per the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the research team led by Daniel Schmid reviewed four years of magnetic field data collected by NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft. Twelve short-lived events—each lasting mere minutes—revealed these lithium-specific wave signatures.
The waves are generated when solar ultraviolet radiation ionises lithium atoms, and temporary lithium wind blows the ionised atoms into space, which increases the speed of the formation of electromagnetic instabilities. These perturbations induce oscillations at a single cyclotron frequency, determined by the mass and charge of lithium (such that it is identified as lithium indirectly by magnetic measurements).
Lithium has been difficult to find, as the rare alkali metal is thinly scattered. The traditional particle detectors on Mariner 10 and MESSENGER couldn’t directly capture it. The most likely candidate is meteoroid impacts, which would cause heated vapour clouds in the collision and throw lithium into the exosphere.
Mercury’s surface is continuously replenished by extraterrestrial bombardment, according to a study linking detected events to meteoroid strikes by objects 13-21 centimetres in radius. These high-speed collisions can vaporise up to 150 times their own mass, endowing the atmosphere with volatiles such as lithium.
Schmid’s study reveals that such processes could also account for the retention or acquisition of volatile elements in other airless bodies, which would transform our understanding of the geochemical story of Mercury and open up new steps in exosphere exploration.
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#Magnetic #Wave #Detection #Uncovers #Elusive #Lithium #Mercurys #Thin #Exosphere
![‘Lee Cronin’s The Mummy’ Originally Had a Much Bleaker Ending
Lee Cronin’s The Mummy wasn’t our favorite mummy movie, but it did have some recommendable qualities, including its high levels of gruesome gore. We also approved of the ending, which offered a satisfying twist to the agony that came before. And while The Mummy‘s test screenings were targeted by some since-debunked negative rumors (look, James Wan just wanted more snacks, that’s all!), apparently those same early showings helped writer-director Cronin figure out that all-important final note for his film. Star Jack Reynor talked about the original ending and the changes that were made, and we’ll add one of these in case you haven’t yet seen Lee Cronin’s The Mummy. At the end of Lee Cronin’s The Mummy, the characters have all realized that young Katie is possessed by a ferocious demon. She was kidnapped years earlier by her friend’s mother, a character the film calls “the Magician,” for the sole purpose of becoming the next containment vessel for this demon over a period of years.
The sarcophagus and wrappings covered in ancient writing she’s entombed in are meant to trap the demon as part of an obligation upheld by the Magician’s family for generations upon generations. The demon starts to escape when the sarcophagus is moved out of necessity from the Magician’s farm. Instead of relocating safely, the sarcophagus breaks open in a plane crash, and Katie—still alive, albeit mummified and barely clinging to her human soul—is sent from Egypt to New Mexico to reunite with her surprised and thankful mother, father, and two siblings.
The bulk of Lee Cronin’s The Mummy follows the creature formerly known as Katie causing horrifying, escalating chaos, while an Egyptian detective pokes into the case overseas, and Katie’s father, Charlie, played by Reynor, does his own research in a desperate attempt to figure out what’s wrong with his daughter.
At the end of the movie, the detective comes to New Mexico and helps Charlie manipulate the demon into leaping out of Katie and into Charlie. He saves his daughter, but dooms himself. That’s where the movie ended originally, apparently. The version that made it into theaters has an additional scene where the Magician, who’s been jailed for kidnapping Katie, gets a visit from a mummified Charlie. Again with the detective’s help, the demon makes another leap between bodies—this time, freeing Charlie and taking over the Magician’s soul instead.
That was a reshoot, Reynor told the Hollywood Reporter. “We came back and picked it up, which was cool because it was the one day where I actually got to be the Mummy. It’s fun to get into the makeup and get to be part of that legacy,” Reynor said, name-checking the Boris Karloff and Christopher Lee versions of the character. Even beyond becoming part of horror history, though, he understood the reason for the change.
“You make these decisions because you want to give the audience what they want, and I understand that. Is it a better movie, objectively speaking? I don’t know. I did like Lee’s original ending,” Reynor admitted. “But I also understand that if I went to see that movie with my teenage kids and they were bummed out because it was so fucking bleak at the end, maybe I’d be [more in favor of the new ending]. So I get it both ways. I see the merits of both for different reasons.” The new ending is cathartic; after all, the Magician was the one who singled Katie out for years of unimaginable torture, not to mention inflicting torment on her family. She deserves some payback other than prison time. But it also left another lingering question: what happens next?
The Magician was the person in charge of handing down the knowledge of how to contain the demon to the next generation. Now that she’s become its current vessel, who will be keeping an eye out? Presumably, that burden now transfers to her only surviving child—a girl around Katie’s age—who’ll have to select a new innocent victim someday and perform the same ritual once her mother’s body starts to break down. We probably won’t get another Lee Cronin’s The Mummy to explore that further, but thinking about it too much does make the new ending a little less suffused with the gleeful spirit of revenge. Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who. #Lee #Cronins #Mummy #Originally #BleakerJack Reynor,Lee Cronin’s The Mummy](https://gizmodo.com/app/uploads/2025/09/io9-2025-spoiler.png "‘Lee Cronin’s The Mummy’ Originally Had a Much Bleaker Ending
Lee Cronin’s The Mummy wasn’t our favorite mummy movie, but it did have some recommendable qualities, including its high levels of gruesome gore. We also approved of the ending, which offered a satisfying twist to the agony that came before. And while The Mummy‘s test screenings were targeted by some since-debunked negative rumors (look, James Wan just wanted more snacks, that’s all!), apparently those same early showings helped writer-director Cronin figure out that all-important final note for his film. Star Jack Reynor talked about the original ending and the changes that were made, and we’ll add one of these in case you haven’t yet seen Lee Cronin’s The Mummy. At the end of Lee Cronin’s The Mummy, the characters have all realized that young Katie is possessed by a ferocious demon. She was kidnapped years earlier by her friend’s mother, a character the film calls “the Magician,” for the sole purpose of becoming the next containment vessel for this demon over a period of years.
The sarcophagus and wrappings covered in ancient writing she’s entombed in are meant to trap the demon as part of an obligation upheld by the Magician’s family for generations upon generations. The demon starts to escape when the sarcophagus is moved out of necessity from the Magician’s farm. Instead of relocating safely, the sarcophagus breaks open in a plane crash, and Katie—still alive, albeit mummified and barely clinging to her human soul—is sent from Egypt to New Mexico to reunite with her surprised and thankful mother, father, and two siblings.
The bulk of Lee Cronin’s The Mummy follows the creature formerly known as Katie causing horrifying, escalating chaos, while an Egyptian detective pokes into the case overseas, and Katie’s father, Charlie, played by Reynor, does his own research in a desperate attempt to figure out what’s wrong with his daughter.
At the end of the movie, the detective comes to New Mexico and helps Charlie manipulate the demon into leaping out of Katie and into Charlie. He saves his daughter, but dooms himself. That’s where the movie ended originally, apparently. The version that made it into theaters has an additional scene where the Magician, who’s been jailed for kidnapping Katie, gets a visit from a mummified Charlie. Again with the detective’s help, the demon makes another leap between bodies—this time, freeing Charlie and taking over the Magician’s soul instead.
That was a reshoot, Reynor told the Hollywood Reporter. “We came back and picked it up, which was cool because it was the one day where I actually got to be the Mummy. It’s fun to get into the makeup and get to be part of that legacy,” Reynor said, name-checking the Boris Karloff and Christopher Lee versions of the character. Even beyond becoming part of horror history, though, he understood the reason for the change.
“You make these decisions because you want to give the audience what they want, and I understand that. Is it a better movie, objectively speaking? I don’t know. I did like Lee’s original ending,” Reynor admitted. “But I also understand that if I went to see that movie with my teenage kids and they were bummed out because it was so fucking bleak at the end, maybe I’d be [more in favor of the new ending]. So I get it both ways. I see the merits of both for different reasons.” The new ending is cathartic; after all, the Magician was the one who singled Katie out for years of unimaginable torture, not to mention inflicting torment on her family. She deserves some payback other than prison time. But it also left another lingering question: what happens next?
The Magician was the person in charge of handing down the knowledge of how to contain the demon to the next generation. Now that she’s become its current vessel, who will be keeping an eye out? Presumably, that burden now transfers to her only surviving child—a girl around Katie’s age—who’ll have to select a new innocent victim someday and perform the same ritual once her mother’s body starts to break down. We probably won’t get another Lee Cronin’s The Mummy to explore that further, but thinking about it too much does make the new ending a little less suffused with the gleeful spirit of revenge. Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who. #Lee #Cronins #Mummy #Originally #BleakerJack Reynor,Lee Cronin’s The Mummy")
![‘Lee Cronin’s The Mummy’ Originally Had a Much Bleaker Ending
Lee Cronin’s The Mummy wasn’t our favorite mummy movie, but it did have some recommendable qualities, including its high levels of gruesome gore. We also approved of the ending, which offered a satisfying twist to the agony that came before. And while The Mummy‘s test screenings were targeted by some since-debunked negative rumors (look, James Wan just wanted more snacks, that’s all!), apparently those same early showings helped writer-director Cronin figure out that all-important final note for his film. Star Jack Reynor talked about the original ending and the changes that were made, and we’ll add one of these in case you haven’t yet seen Lee Cronin’s The Mummy. At the end of Lee Cronin’s The Mummy, the characters have all realized that young Katie is possessed by a ferocious demon. She was kidnapped years earlier by her friend’s mother, a character the film calls “the Magician,” for the sole purpose of becoming the next containment vessel for this demon over a period of years.
The sarcophagus and wrappings covered in ancient writing she’s entombed in are meant to trap the demon as part of an obligation upheld by the Magician’s family for generations upon generations. The demon starts to escape when the sarcophagus is moved out of necessity from the Magician’s farm. Instead of relocating safely, the sarcophagus breaks open in a plane crash, and Katie—still alive, albeit mummified and barely clinging to her human soul—is sent from Egypt to New Mexico to reunite with her surprised and thankful mother, father, and two siblings.
The bulk of Lee Cronin’s The Mummy follows the creature formerly known as Katie causing horrifying, escalating chaos, while an Egyptian detective pokes into the case overseas, and Katie’s father, Charlie, played by Reynor, does his own research in a desperate attempt to figure out what’s wrong with his daughter.
At the end of the movie, the detective comes to New Mexico and helps Charlie manipulate the demon into leaping out of Katie and into Charlie. He saves his daughter, but dooms himself. That’s where the movie ended originally, apparently. The version that made it into theaters has an additional scene where the Magician, who’s been jailed for kidnapping Katie, gets a visit from a mummified Charlie. Again with the detective’s help, the demon makes another leap between bodies—this time, freeing Charlie and taking over the Magician’s soul instead.
That was a reshoot, Reynor told the Hollywood Reporter. “We came back and picked it up, which was cool because it was the one day where I actually got to be the Mummy. It’s fun to get into the makeup and get to be part of that legacy,” Reynor said, name-checking the Boris Karloff and Christopher Lee versions of the character. Even beyond becoming part of horror history, though, he understood the reason for the change.
“You make these decisions because you want to give the audience what they want, and I understand that. Is it a better movie, objectively speaking? I don’t know. I did like Lee’s original ending,” Reynor admitted. “But I also understand that if I went to see that movie with my teenage kids and they were bummed out because it was so fucking bleak at the end, maybe I’d be [more in favor of the new ending]. So I get it both ways. I see the merits of both for different reasons.” The new ending is cathartic; after all, the Magician was the one who singled Katie out for years of unimaginable torture, not to mention inflicting torment on her family. She deserves some payback other than prison time. But it also left another lingering question: what happens next?
The Magician was the person in charge of handing down the knowledge of how to contain the demon to the next generation. Now that she’s become its current vessel, who will be keeping an eye out? Presumably, that burden now transfers to her only surviving child—a girl around Katie’s age—who’ll have to select a new innocent victim someday and perform the same ritual once her mother’s body starts to break down. We probably won’t get another Lee Cronin’s The Mummy to explore that further, but thinking about it too much does make the new ending a little less suffused with the gleeful spirit of revenge. Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who. #Lee #Cronins #Mummy #Originally #BleakerJack Reynor,Lee Cronin’s The Mummy](https://i3.wp.com/gizmodo.com/app/uploads/2025/09/io9-2025-spoiler.png?ssl=1 "‘Lee Cronin’s The Mummy’ Originally Had a Much Bleaker Ending
Lee Cronin’s The Mummy wasn’t our favorite mummy movie, but it did have some recommendable qualities, including its high levels of gruesome gore. We also approved of the ending, which offered a satisfying twist to the agony that came before. And while The Mummy‘s test screenings were targeted by some since-debunked negative rumors (look, James Wan just wanted more snacks, that’s all!), apparently those same early showings helped writer-director Cronin figure out that all-important final note for his film. Star Jack Reynor talked about the original ending and the changes that were made, and we’ll add one of these in case you haven’t yet seen Lee Cronin’s The Mummy. At the end of Lee Cronin’s The Mummy, the characters have all realized that young Katie is possessed by a ferocious demon. She was kidnapped years earlier by her friend’s mother, a character the film calls “the Magician,” for the sole purpose of becoming the next containment vessel for this demon over a period of years.
The sarcophagus and wrappings covered in ancient writing she’s entombed in are meant to trap the demon as part of an obligation upheld by the Magician’s family for generations upon generations. The demon starts to escape when the sarcophagus is moved out of necessity from the Magician’s farm. Instead of relocating safely, the sarcophagus breaks open in a plane crash, and Katie—still alive, albeit mummified and barely clinging to her human soul—is sent from Egypt to New Mexico to reunite with her surprised and thankful mother, father, and two siblings.
The bulk of Lee Cronin’s The Mummy follows the creature formerly known as Katie causing horrifying, escalating chaos, while an Egyptian detective pokes into the case overseas, and Katie’s father, Charlie, played by Reynor, does his own research in a desperate attempt to figure out what’s wrong with his daughter.
At the end of the movie, the detective comes to New Mexico and helps Charlie manipulate the demon into leaping out of Katie and into Charlie. He saves his daughter, but dooms himself. That’s where the movie ended originally, apparently. The version that made it into theaters has an additional scene where the Magician, who’s been jailed for kidnapping Katie, gets a visit from a mummified Charlie. Again with the detective’s help, the demon makes another leap between bodies—this time, freeing Charlie and taking over the Magician’s soul instead.
That was a reshoot, Reynor told the Hollywood Reporter. “We came back and picked it up, which was cool because it was the one day where I actually got to be the Mummy. It’s fun to get into the makeup and get to be part of that legacy,” Reynor said, name-checking the Boris Karloff and Christopher Lee versions of the character. Even beyond becoming part of horror history, though, he understood the reason for the change.
“You make these decisions because you want to give the audience what they want, and I understand that. Is it a better movie, objectively speaking? I don’t know. I did like Lee’s original ending,” Reynor admitted. “But I also understand that if I went to see that movie with my teenage kids and they were bummed out because it was so fucking bleak at the end, maybe I’d be [more in favor of the new ending]. So I get it both ways. I see the merits of both for different reasons.” The new ending is cathartic; after all, the Magician was the one who singled Katie out for years of unimaginable torture, not to mention inflicting torment on her family. She deserves some payback other than prison time. But it also left another lingering question: what happens next?
The Magician was the person in charge of handing down the knowledge of how to contain the demon to the next generation. Now that she’s become its current vessel, who will be keeping an eye out? Presumably, that burden now transfers to her only surviving child—a girl around Katie’s age—who’ll have to select a new innocent victim someday and perform the same ritual once her mother’s body starts to break down. We probably won’t get another Lee Cronin’s The Mummy to explore that further, but thinking about it too much does make the new ending a little less suffused with the gleeful spirit of revenge. Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, what’s next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who. #Lee #Cronins #Mummy #Originally #BleakerJack Reynor,Lee Cronin’s The Mummy")
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