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SpaceX and xAI Are Merging Into a Very Silly-Sounding Conglomerate. Take It Seriously

SpaceX and xAI Are Merging Into a Very Silly-Sounding Conglomerate. Take It Seriously

SpaceX is acquiring xAI. Ever since this merger of two Musk companies became a rumor, crazy numbers like $1.5 trillion started being thrown around when discussing the total valuation of SpaceX, so you might sum it up by saying “Combining SpaceX and xAI gets you the biggest IPO of all time!” and yeah, that’s more plausible now than ever. For reference, SpaceX’s valuation was estimated at around $800 billion less than two months ago. 

But is this merger as silly as it sounds?

The combined company will be a “vertically-integrated innovation engine,” according to a new SpaceX press release with Elon Musk’s personal signature on it. By his own reckoning, the company now deals in “AI, rockets, space-based internet, direct-to-mobile device communications and the world’s foremost real-time information and free speech platform.” Another way of saying this might be that SpaceX is now the company behind vertically-landing rocket boosters, the majority of the satellites currently in orbit, very fat rockets that tend to explode, an ISP, the microblogging app known as X, a sassy chatbot called Grok that’s famous for lewd images, and much much more.

SpaceX will now own, for instance, Grokipedia, the AI-written, anti-woke parody of Wikipedia. And remember Vine, the defunct 6-second video social media app? Yes SpaceX, which possesses billions of dollars in Pentagon contracts and is responsible for crewed NASA missions, now owns the rights to Vine too. Musk claims he’s bringing it back “in AI form.”

As many have pointed out before me, SpaceX became a genuinely indispensable player in humanity’s aerospace and space travel efforts through an iterative process involving an extraordinary number of spectacular and public rocket explosions that almost certainly would not have been tolerated if SpaceX were a government agency. It has always walked a delicate tightrope, keeping boring people happy, while also subject to the silly stuff and horrors that go along with being run by Elon Musk.

Gwynne Shotwell, the president and COO of SpaceX, has been described by the Wall Street Journal as “a Musk translator, especially for officials who depend on SpaceX but are occasionally unnerved by his activities.” In that same Journal article, former NASA administrator Bill Nelson—also a Democratic ex-Senator—called Shotwell, “the steady hand” at the company, and added, “I have a great deal of confidence in her. Because of that, I have a great deal of confidence in SpaceX.”

Back in 2022, when Musk was in the middle of buying Twitter in as chaotic a fashion as possible, Nelson says he called Shotwell, and said, “Tell me that the distraction that Elon might have on Twitter is not going to affect SpaceX.”

“I assure you, it is not,” he says she told him. “You have nothing to worry about.” 

Now imagine being Shotwell four years later. Twitter is now X. Last year, the proprietary AI chatbot on X briefly started calling itself “MechaHitler” at one point, and then it generated tons of scantily-clad pictures of children. So not only has the drama increased, but you’re the president and COO of the company that made all that stuff too.

And imagine Shotwell having to handle this merger while Musk, the attention-starved celebrity CEO of this conglomerate has spent the last few days trying to post his way out of any consequences or disapprobation brought about by the public disclosure of emails in which he repeatedly asked Jeffrey Epstein if he could party on his private island.

So one can only speculate what Musk’s mental state was when he finalized the plans for this merger. But what stands out to me is that he wants investors in xAI and SpaceX—and perhaps starting in June, future holders of publicly traded SpaceX stock—to believe that this merger creates a company that gels and has a unified agenda. But you might want to take as big of a bong rip as you can before you try and get your head around that agenda as Musk describes it in his press release:

This rocket and AI company will actually be an AI-in-space company, you see, because, according to Musk’s estimate, “within 2 to 3 years, the lowest cost way to generate AI compute will be in space.” After all, “in the long term, space-based AI is obviously the only way to scale.” Obviously.

But training models with space compute is just the beginning, because Musk claims that by combining these two concepts, they’ll be “scaling to make a sentient sun to understand the Universe.”

Companies don’t have to always make sense. Samsung has hotels. Red Bull has a nature magazine. Konami has aerobics gyms. Sometimes these incongruities are prosperous leftovers from a different era for a company, but sometimes they reveal the caprice or frivolity of company leadership, which can be no big deal.

But then again, it’s not farfetched to think that Elon Musk’s caprice—and the fact that an economically powerful subset of Wall Street bulls think that caprice is tantamount to wisdom—may soon control the world’s best-funded AI company at a time when AI is the load bearing structure propping up the whole economy. If the IPO goes well (the New York Times’ sources say Musk hopes it will raise $50 billion), that AI company is going to be in your 401(k) while it’s also in charge of the lives of astronauts. 

In other words, we’re headed for a time when the Wall Street bulls will have to be right. More than ever Elon Musk’s caprice may have to actually be wisdom, as implausible as that may be. AI had better not be a bubble if this IPO goes well, and the value of Musk himself had better not be inflated either. All of our well-being may just depend on it. 

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suggested that GLP-1s can tamp down people’s unhealthy urges for alcohol, cocaine, and even vices like gambling. And earlier this month, researchers in Denmark published data from the first double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial of semaglutide for alcohol use disorder in The Lancet. Over a 26-week period, the study found that people on semaglutide consumed less alcohol than those given a placebo and experienced noticeably fewer heavy drinking days when they did drink.

Can Ozempic Treat Alcoholism? Here’s What You Should Know
                Semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) and other GLP-1 medications have rapidly become some of the most popular drugs in the world. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1s are now better known for treating obesity. In the near future, though, these drugs could have yet another vital use as treatments for alcohol addiction and other substance use disorders. Over the past few years, a growing base of evidence has suggested that GLP-1s can tamp down people’s unhealthy urges for alcohol, cocaine, and even vices like gambling. And earlier this month, researchers in Denmark published data from the first double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial of semaglutide for alcohol use disorder in The Lancet. Over a 26-week period, the study found that people on semaglutide consumed less alcohol than those given a placebo and experienced noticeably fewer heavy drinking days when they did drink. © siamionau pavel via Shutterstock There are other similar studies underway, including in the United States. Some are testing semaglutide for other kinds of substance use disorder, like opioids. Others are testing newer drugs like tirzepatide (a dual agonist that pairs GLP-1 with the hunger-related hormone GIP).

 I reached out to an outside expert, Asim Shah, a professor and executive vice chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, to talk about the emerging science surrounding GLP-1s and addiction treatment. We discussed the leading theory behind why GLP-1s can reduce addiction, his opinion of the recent Lancet trial, and what it will take for these drugs to be widely adopted as treatments for substance use disorders. The following has been lightly edited for clarity and grammar.

 Ed Cara, Gizmodo: Do we have any sort of sense yet as to how or why GLP-1s seem to be working well against substance use disorders? Asim Shah: So the craving, or pleasure, center of the brain is related to dopamine, which is a brain neurotransmitter. Whenever you crave something and you eat it or you take it, that gives you pleasure. That is the dopamine functioning in the brain. And all of this is related to the same thing, whether it’s a craving for food, craving for smoking, craving for alcohol, any drug. That’s the neurobiological mechanism of craving and pleasure, and it’s all the same mechanism.

 © Mohammed_Al_Ali via Shutterstock And incidentally, we found out that the people who were losing weight on these GLP-1s, they often also stopped smoking cigarettes and their addiction got better with alcohol. It was an incidental finding, but it’s something people are now trying to study more closely. Gizmodo: Speaking of studies, what do you make of the newest trial published in The Lancet this month? Shah: So this was a 26 week study, which had about 100 patients, half and half men and women both. In our world, 100 patients is a medium sized study; a larger one might usually have 300, 400, 600 patients. So this is a medium sized study, which is decent. It’s not bad. And in my opinion, it was done pretty well, not a lot of bias in the study that I saw.

 Now, of course, this is not a definitive study. And you need to follow up with these patients after the weeks of study. We call these start-up studies, and they are what we base future, longer and bigger studies on. So it’s a good base, and there are other studies on the way. Gizmodo: Broadly speaking, what are the questions that these longer and larger studies need to try answering? Shah: So there are a couple of things. These are different substances that people are looking at; one is alcohol, one smoking, the other is opiates. So the next studies we should be doing is to see whether GLP-1s like semaglutide can limit more than one of these addictions. Because the mechanism is the same mechanism for all the cravings and the addictions. So can it reduce all of these or just one if somebody is taking it?

 © Sebastien Bozon/AFP via Getty If we do keep seeing an effect here, it’s also important to know how quickly this happens and whether it can be sustained after you stop using a GLP-1. That’s why we have to follow people after these sorts of trials, to see if the effect can last after they stop taking the medication or if it requires people needing to stay on the drug for the effect. Gizmodo: These sort of studies are happening. But what should be the current takeaway for people with these addictions and their doctor? Is this something that could be used in the real world right now? Shah: Because they’re not approved right now, the takeaway should be that if you already have a current indication to take a GLP-1 which is for diabetes or obesity, certainly take it. If you also get an added advantage of stopping your smoking or alcohol use disorder, that is well and good because we don’t have approval for these disorders currently.

 So in other words, if somebody comes to us and says, “Hey, I want to start these medicines for smoking cessation or alcohol use disorder,” we may not be able to prescribe it because there’s no approval. But they can be part of a study which is going on in some centers for those disorders. And if somebody already is using them for diabetes or so, and in addition, they get a benefit for alcoholism, that’s great, too.      #Ozempic #Treat #Alcoholism #Heresaddiction,Alcoholism,GLP-1s,Ozempic,Q&As
© siamionau pavel via Shutterstock

There are other similar studies underway, including in the United States. Some are testing semaglutide for other kinds of substance use disorder, like opioids. Others are testing newer drugs like tirzepatide (a dual agonist that pairs GLP-1 with the hunger-related hormone GIP).

I reached out to an outside expert, Asim Shah, a professor and executive vice chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, to talk about the emerging science surrounding GLP-1s and addiction treatment. We discussed the leading theory behind why GLP-1s can reduce addiction, his opinion of the recent Lancet trial, and what it will take for these drugs to be widely adopted as treatments for substance use disorders. The following has been lightly edited for clarity and grammar.

Ed Cara, Gizmodo: Do we have any sort of sense yet as to how or why GLP-1s seem to be working well against substance use disorders?

Asim Shah: So the craving, or pleasure, center of the brain is related to dopamine, which is a brain neurotransmitter. Whenever you crave something and you eat it or you take it, that gives you pleasure. That is the dopamine functioning in the brain. And all of this is related to the same thing, whether it’s a craving for food, craving for smoking, craving for alcohol, any drug. That’s the neurobiological mechanism of craving and pleasure, and it’s all the same mechanism.

The obesity medication Saxenda, made with liraglutide
© Mohammed_Al_Ali via Shutterstock

And incidentally, we found out that the people who were losing weight on these GLP-1s, they often also stopped smoking cigarettes and their addiction got better with alcohol. It was an incidental finding, but it’s something people are now trying to study more closely.

Gizmodo: Speaking of studies, what do you make of the newest trial published in The Lancet this month?

Shah: So this was a 26 week study, which had about 100 patients, half and half men and women both. In our world, 100 patients is a medium sized study; a larger one might usually have 300, 400, 600 patients. So this is a medium sized study, which is decent. It’s not bad. And in my opinion, it was done pretty well, not a lot of bias in the study that I saw.

Now, of course, this is not a definitive study. And you need to follow up with these patients after the weeks of study. We call these start-up studies, and they are what we base future, longer and bigger studies on. So it’s a good base, and there are other studies on the way.

Gizmodo: Broadly speaking, what are the questions that these longer and larger studies need to try answering?

Shah: So there are a couple of things.

These are different substances that people are looking at; one is alcohol, one smoking, the other is opiates. So the next studies we should be doing is to see whether GLP-1s like semaglutide can limit more than one of these addictions. Because the mechanism is the same mechanism for all the cravings and the addictions. So can it reduce all of these or just one if somebody is taking it?

Boxes of the GLP-1 medication Ozempic
© Sebastien Bozon/AFP via Getty

If we do keep seeing an effect here, it’s also important to know how quickly this happens and whether it can be sustained after you stop using a GLP-1. That’s why we have to follow people after these sorts of trials, to see if the effect can last after they stop taking the medication or if it requires people needing to stay on the drug for the effect.

Gizmodo: These sort of studies are happening. But what should be the current takeaway for people with these addictions and their doctor? Is this something that could be used in the real world right now?

Shah: Because they’re not approved right now, the takeaway should be that if you already have a current indication to take a GLP-1 which is for diabetes or obesity, certainly take it. If you also get an added advantage of stopping your smoking or alcohol use disorder, that is well and good because we don’t have approval for these disorders currently.

So in other words, if somebody comes to us and says, “Hey, I want to start these medicines for smoking cessation or alcohol use disorder,” we may not be able to prescribe it because there’s no approval. But they can be part of a study which is going on in some centers for those disorders. And if somebody already is using them for diabetes or so, and in addition, they get a benefit for alcoholism, that’s great, too.

#Ozempic #Treat #Alcoholism #Heresaddiction,Alcoholism,GLP-1s,Ozempic,Q&As">Can Ozempic Treat Alcoholism? Here’s What You Should Know
                Semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) and other GLP-1 medications have rapidly become some of the most popular drugs in the world. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1s are now better known for treating obesity. In the near future, though, these drugs could have yet another vital use as treatments for alcohol addiction and other substance use disorders. Over the past few years, a growing base of evidence has suggested that GLP-1s can tamp down people’s unhealthy urges for alcohol, cocaine, and even vices like gambling. And earlier this month, researchers in Denmark published data from the first double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial of semaglutide for alcohol use disorder in The Lancet. Over a 26-week period, the study found that people on semaglutide consumed less alcohol than those given a placebo and experienced noticeably fewer heavy drinking days when they did drink. © siamionau pavel via Shutterstock There are other similar studies underway, including in the United States. Some are testing semaglutide for other kinds of substance use disorder, like opioids. Others are testing newer drugs like tirzepatide (a dual agonist that pairs GLP-1 with the hunger-related hormone GIP).

 I reached out to an outside expert, Asim Shah, a professor and executive vice chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, to talk about the emerging science surrounding GLP-1s and addiction treatment. We discussed the leading theory behind why GLP-1s can reduce addiction, his opinion of the recent Lancet trial, and what it will take for these drugs to be widely adopted as treatments for substance use disorders. The following has been lightly edited for clarity and grammar.

 Ed Cara, Gizmodo: Do we have any sort of sense yet as to how or why GLP-1s seem to be working well against substance use disorders? Asim Shah: So the craving, or pleasure, center of the brain is related to dopamine, which is a brain neurotransmitter. Whenever you crave something and you eat it or you take it, that gives you pleasure. That is the dopamine functioning in the brain. And all of this is related to the same thing, whether it’s a craving for food, craving for smoking, craving for alcohol, any drug. That’s the neurobiological mechanism of craving and pleasure, and it’s all the same mechanism.

 © Mohammed_Al_Ali via Shutterstock And incidentally, we found out that the people who were losing weight on these GLP-1s, they often also stopped smoking cigarettes and their addiction got better with alcohol. It was an incidental finding, but it’s something people are now trying to study more closely. Gizmodo: Speaking of studies, what do you make of the newest trial published in The Lancet this month? Shah: So this was a 26 week study, which had about 100 patients, half and half men and women both. In our world, 100 patients is a medium sized study; a larger one might usually have 300, 400, 600 patients. So this is a medium sized study, which is decent. It’s not bad. And in my opinion, it was done pretty well, not a lot of bias in the study that I saw.

 Now, of course, this is not a definitive study. And you need to follow up with these patients after the weeks of study. We call these start-up studies, and they are what we base future, longer and bigger studies on. So it’s a good base, and there are other studies on the way. Gizmodo: Broadly speaking, what are the questions that these longer and larger studies need to try answering? Shah: So there are a couple of things. These are different substances that people are looking at; one is alcohol, one smoking, the other is opiates. So the next studies we should be doing is to see whether GLP-1s like semaglutide can limit more than one of these addictions. Because the mechanism is the same mechanism for all the cravings and the addictions. So can it reduce all of these or just one if somebody is taking it?

 © Sebastien Bozon/AFP via Getty If we do keep seeing an effect here, it’s also important to know how quickly this happens and whether it can be sustained after you stop using a GLP-1. That’s why we have to follow people after these sorts of trials, to see if the effect can last after they stop taking the medication or if it requires people needing to stay on the drug for the effect. Gizmodo: These sort of studies are happening. But what should be the current takeaway for people with these addictions and their doctor? Is this something that could be used in the real world right now? Shah: Because they’re not approved right now, the takeaway should be that if you already have a current indication to take a GLP-1 which is for diabetes or obesity, certainly take it. If you also get an added advantage of stopping your smoking or alcohol use disorder, that is well and good because we don’t have approval for these disorders currently.

 So in other words, if somebody comes to us and says, “Hey, I want to start these medicines for smoking cessation or alcohol use disorder,” we may not be able to prescribe it because there’s no approval. But they can be part of a study which is going on in some centers for those disorders. And if somebody already is using them for diabetes or so, and in addition, they get a benefit for alcoholism, that’s great, too.      #Ozempic #Treat #Alcoholism #Heresaddiction,Alcoholism,GLP-1s,Ozempic,Q&As

that GLP-1s can tamp down people’s unhealthy urges for alcohol, cocaine, and even vices like gambling. And earlier this month, researchers in Denmark published data from the first double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial of semaglutide for alcohol use disorder in The Lancet. Over a 26-week period, the study found that people on semaglutide consumed less alcohol than those given a placebo and experienced noticeably fewer heavy drinking days when they did drink.

Can Ozempic Treat Alcoholism? Here’s What You Should Know
                Semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) and other GLP-1 medications have rapidly become some of the most popular drugs in the world. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1s are now better known for treating obesity. In the near future, though, these drugs could have yet another vital use as treatments for alcohol addiction and other substance use disorders. Over the past few years, a growing base of evidence has suggested that GLP-1s can tamp down people’s unhealthy urges for alcohol, cocaine, and even vices like gambling. And earlier this month, researchers in Denmark published data from the first double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial of semaglutide for alcohol use disorder in The Lancet. Over a 26-week period, the study found that people on semaglutide consumed less alcohol than those given a placebo and experienced noticeably fewer heavy drinking days when they did drink. © siamionau pavel via Shutterstock There are other similar studies underway, including in the United States. Some are testing semaglutide for other kinds of substance use disorder, like opioids. Others are testing newer drugs like tirzepatide (a dual agonist that pairs GLP-1 with the hunger-related hormone GIP).

 I reached out to an outside expert, Asim Shah, a professor and executive vice chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, to talk about the emerging science surrounding GLP-1s and addiction treatment. We discussed the leading theory behind why GLP-1s can reduce addiction, his opinion of the recent Lancet trial, and what it will take for these drugs to be widely adopted as treatments for substance use disorders. The following has been lightly edited for clarity and grammar.

 Ed Cara, Gizmodo: Do we have any sort of sense yet as to how or why GLP-1s seem to be working well against substance use disorders? Asim Shah: So the craving, or pleasure, center of the brain is related to dopamine, which is a brain neurotransmitter. Whenever you crave something and you eat it or you take it, that gives you pleasure. That is the dopamine functioning in the brain. And all of this is related to the same thing, whether it’s a craving for food, craving for smoking, craving for alcohol, any drug. That’s the neurobiological mechanism of craving and pleasure, and it’s all the same mechanism.

 © Mohammed_Al_Ali via Shutterstock And incidentally, we found out that the people who were losing weight on these GLP-1s, they often also stopped smoking cigarettes and their addiction got better with alcohol. It was an incidental finding, but it’s something people are now trying to study more closely. Gizmodo: Speaking of studies, what do you make of the newest trial published in The Lancet this month? Shah: So this was a 26 week study, which had about 100 patients, half and half men and women both. In our world, 100 patients is a medium sized study; a larger one might usually have 300, 400, 600 patients. So this is a medium sized study, which is decent. It’s not bad. And in my opinion, it was done pretty well, not a lot of bias in the study that I saw.

 Now, of course, this is not a definitive study. And you need to follow up with these patients after the weeks of study. We call these start-up studies, and they are what we base future, longer and bigger studies on. So it’s a good base, and there are other studies on the way. Gizmodo: Broadly speaking, what are the questions that these longer and larger studies need to try answering? Shah: So there are a couple of things. These are different substances that people are looking at; one is alcohol, one smoking, the other is opiates. So the next studies we should be doing is to see whether GLP-1s like semaglutide can limit more than one of these addictions. Because the mechanism is the same mechanism for all the cravings and the addictions. So can it reduce all of these or just one if somebody is taking it?

 © Sebastien Bozon/AFP via Getty If we do keep seeing an effect here, it’s also important to know how quickly this happens and whether it can be sustained after you stop using a GLP-1. That’s why we have to follow people after these sorts of trials, to see if the effect can last after they stop taking the medication or if it requires people needing to stay on the drug for the effect. Gizmodo: These sort of studies are happening. But what should be the current takeaway for people with these addictions and their doctor? Is this something that could be used in the real world right now? Shah: Because they’re not approved right now, the takeaway should be that if you already have a current indication to take a GLP-1 which is for diabetes or obesity, certainly take it. If you also get an added advantage of stopping your smoking or alcohol use disorder, that is well and good because we don’t have approval for these disorders currently.

 So in other words, if somebody comes to us and says, “Hey, I want to start these medicines for smoking cessation or alcohol use disorder,” we may not be able to prescribe it because there’s no approval. But they can be part of a study which is going on in some centers for those disorders. And if somebody already is using them for diabetes or so, and in addition, they get a benefit for alcoholism, that’s great, too.      #Ozempic #Treat #Alcoholism #Heresaddiction,Alcoholism,GLP-1s,Ozempic,Q&As
© siamionau pavel via Shutterstock

There are other similar studies underway, including in the United States. Some are testing semaglutide for other kinds of substance use disorder, like opioids. Others are testing newer drugs like tirzepatide (a dual agonist that pairs GLP-1 with the hunger-related hormone GIP).

I reached out to an outside expert, Asim Shah, a professor and executive vice chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, to talk about the emerging science surrounding GLP-1s and addiction treatment. We discussed the leading theory behind why GLP-1s can reduce addiction, his opinion of the recent Lancet trial, and what it will take for these drugs to be widely adopted as treatments for substance use disorders. The following has been lightly edited for clarity and grammar.

Ed Cara, Gizmodo: Do we have any sort of sense yet as to how or why GLP-1s seem to be working well against substance use disorders?

Asim Shah: So the craving, or pleasure, center of the brain is related to dopamine, which is a brain neurotransmitter. Whenever you crave something and you eat it or you take it, that gives you pleasure. That is the dopamine functioning in the brain. And all of this is related to the same thing, whether it’s a craving for food, craving for smoking, craving for alcohol, any drug. That’s the neurobiological mechanism of craving and pleasure, and it’s all the same mechanism.

The obesity medication Saxenda, made with liraglutide
© Mohammed_Al_Ali via Shutterstock

And incidentally, we found out that the people who were losing weight on these GLP-1s, they often also stopped smoking cigarettes and their addiction got better with alcohol. It was an incidental finding, but it’s something people are now trying to study more closely.

Gizmodo: Speaking of studies, what do you make of the newest trial published in The Lancet this month?

Shah: So this was a 26 week study, which had about 100 patients, half and half men and women both. In our world, 100 patients is a medium sized study; a larger one might usually have 300, 400, 600 patients. So this is a medium sized study, which is decent. It’s not bad. And in my opinion, it was done pretty well, not a lot of bias in the study that I saw.

Now, of course, this is not a definitive study. And you need to follow up with these patients after the weeks of study. We call these start-up studies, and they are what we base future, longer and bigger studies on. So it’s a good base, and there are other studies on the way.

Gizmodo: Broadly speaking, what are the questions that these longer and larger studies need to try answering?

Shah: So there are a couple of things.

These are different substances that people are looking at; one is alcohol, one smoking, the other is opiates. So the next studies we should be doing is to see whether GLP-1s like semaglutide can limit more than one of these addictions. Because the mechanism is the same mechanism for all the cravings and the addictions. So can it reduce all of these or just one if somebody is taking it?

Boxes of the GLP-1 medication Ozempic
© Sebastien Bozon/AFP via Getty

If we do keep seeing an effect here, it’s also important to know how quickly this happens and whether it can be sustained after you stop using a GLP-1. That’s why we have to follow people after these sorts of trials, to see if the effect can last after they stop taking the medication or if it requires people needing to stay on the drug for the effect.

Gizmodo: These sort of studies are happening. But what should be the current takeaway for people with these addictions and their doctor? Is this something that could be used in the real world right now?

Shah: Because they’re not approved right now, the takeaway should be that if you already have a current indication to take a GLP-1 which is for diabetes or obesity, certainly take it. If you also get an added advantage of stopping your smoking or alcohol use disorder, that is well and good because we don’t have approval for these disorders currently.

So in other words, if somebody comes to us and says, “Hey, I want to start these medicines for smoking cessation or alcohol use disorder,” we may not be able to prescribe it because there’s no approval. But they can be part of a study which is going on in some centers for those disorders. And if somebody already is using them for diabetes or so, and in addition, they get a benefit for alcoholism, that’s great, too.

#Ozempic #Treat #Alcoholism #Heresaddiction,Alcoholism,GLP-1s,Ozempic,Q&As">Can Ozempic Treat Alcoholism? Here’s What You Should Know

Semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) and other GLP-1 medications have rapidly become some of the most popular drugs in the world. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1s are now better known for treating obesity. In the near future, though, these drugs could have yet another vital use as treatments for alcohol addiction and other substance use disorders.

Over the past few years, a growing base of evidence has suggested that GLP-1s can tamp down people’s unhealthy urges for alcohol, cocaine, and even vices like gambling. And earlier this month, researchers in Denmark published data from the first double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial of semaglutide for alcohol use disorder in The Lancet. Over a 26-week period, the study found that people on semaglutide consumed less alcohol than those given a placebo and experienced noticeably fewer heavy drinking days when they did drink.

Can Ozempic Treat Alcoholism? Here’s What You Should Know
                Semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) and other GLP-1 medications have rapidly become some of the most popular drugs in the world. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1s are now better known for treating obesity. In the near future, though, these drugs could have yet another vital use as treatments for alcohol addiction and other substance use disorders. Over the past few years, a growing base of evidence has suggested that GLP-1s can tamp down people’s unhealthy urges for alcohol, cocaine, and even vices like gambling. And earlier this month, researchers in Denmark published data from the first double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial of semaglutide for alcohol use disorder in The Lancet. Over a 26-week period, the study found that people on semaglutide consumed less alcohol than those given a placebo and experienced noticeably fewer heavy drinking days when they did drink. © siamionau pavel via Shutterstock There are other similar studies underway, including in the United States. Some are testing semaglutide for other kinds of substance use disorder, like opioids. Others are testing newer drugs like tirzepatide (a dual agonist that pairs GLP-1 with the hunger-related hormone GIP).

 I reached out to an outside expert, Asim Shah, a professor and executive vice chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, to talk about the emerging science surrounding GLP-1s and addiction treatment. We discussed the leading theory behind why GLP-1s can reduce addiction, his opinion of the recent Lancet trial, and what it will take for these drugs to be widely adopted as treatments for substance use disorders. The following has been lightly edited for clarity and grammar.

 Ed Cara, Gizmodo: Do we have any sort of sense yet as to how or why GLP-1s seem to be working well against substance use disorders? Asim Shah: So the craving, or pleasure, center of the brain is related to dopamine, which is a brain neurotransmitter. Whenever you crave something and you eat it or you take it, that gives you pleasure. That is the dopamine functioning in the brain. And all of this is related to the same thing, whether it’s a craving for food, craving for smoking, craving for alcohol, any drug. That’s the neurobiological mechanism of craving and pleasure, and it’s all the same mechanism.

 © Mohammed_Al_Ali via Shutterstock And incidentally, we found out that the people who were losing weight on these GLP-1s, they often also stopped smoking cigarettes and their addiction got better with alcohol. It was an incidental finding, but it’s something people are now trying to study more closely. Gizmodo: Speaking of studies, what do you make of the newest trial published in The Lancet this month? Shah: So this was a 26 week study, which had about 100 patients, half and half men and women both. In our world, 100 patients is a medium sized study; a larger one might usually have 300, 400, 600 patients. So this is a medium sized study, which is decent. It’s not bad. And in my opinion, it was done pretty well, not a lot of bias in the study that I saw.

 Now, of course, this is not a definitive study. And you need to follow up with these patients after the weeks of study. We call these start-up studies, and they are what we base future, longer and bigger studies on. So it’s a good base, and there are other studies on the way. Gizmodo: Broadly speaking, what are the questions that these longer and larger studies need to try answering? Shah: So there are a couple of things. These are different substances that people are looking at; one is alcohol, one smoking, the other is opiates. So the next studies we should be doing is to see whether GLP-1s like semaglutide can limit more than one of these addictions. Because the mechanism is the same mechanism for all the cravings and the addictions. So can it reduce all of these or just one if somebody is taking it?

 © Sebastien Bozon/AFP via Getty If we do keep seeing an effect here, it’s also important to know how quickly this happens and whether it can be sustained after you stop using a GLP-1. That’s why we have to follow people after these sorts of trials, to see if the effect can last after they stop taking the medication or if it requires people needing to stay on the drug for the effect. Gizmodo: These sort of studies are happening. But what should be the current takeaway for people with these addictions and their doctor? Is this something that could be used in the real world right now? Shah: Because they’re not approved right now, the takeaway should be that if you already have a current indication to take a GLP-1 which is for diabetes or obesity, certainly take it. If you also get an added advantage of stopping your smoking or alcohol use disorder, that is well and good because we don’t have approval for these disorders currently.

 So in other words, if somebody comes to us and says, “Hey, I want to start these medicines for smoking cessation or alcohol use disorder,” we may not be able to prescribe it because there’s no approval. But they can be part of a study which is going on in some centers for those disorders. And if somebody already is using them for diabetes or so, and in addition, they get a benefit for alcoholism, that’s great, too.      #Ozempic #Treat #Alcoholism #Heresaddiction,Alcoholism,GLP-1s,Ozempic,Q&As
© siamionau pavel via Shutterstock

There are other similar studies underway, including in the United States. Some are testing semaglutide for other kinds of substance use disorder, like opioids. Others are testing newer drugs like tirzepatide (a dual agonist that pairs GLP-1 with the hunger-related hormone GIP).

I reached out to an outside expert, Asim Shah, a professor and executive vice chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, to talk about the emerging science surrounding GLP-1s and addiction treatment. We discussed the leading theory behind why GLP-1s can reduce addiction, his opinion of the recent Lancet trial, and what it will take for these drugs to be widely adopted as treatments for substance use disorders. The following has been lightly edited for clarity and grammar.

Ed Cara, Gizmodo: Do we have any sort of sense yet as to how or why GLP-1s seem to be working well against substance use disorders?

Asim Shah: So the craving, or pleasure, center of the brain is related to dopamine, which is a brain neurotransmitter. Whenever you crave something and you eat it or you take it, that gives you pleasure. That is the dopamine functioning in the brain. And all of this is related to the same thing, whether it’s a craving for food, craving for smoking, craving for alcohol, any drug. That’s the neurobiological mechanism of craving and pleasure, and it’s all the same mechanism.

The obesity medication Saxenda, made with liraglutide
© Mohammed_Al_Ali via Shutterstock

And incidentally, we found out that the people who were losing weight on these GLP-1s, they often also stopped smoking cigarettes and their addiction got better with alcohol. It was an incidental finding, but it’s something people are now trying to study more closely.

Gizmodo: Speaking of studies, what do you make of the newest trial published in The Lancet this month?

Shah: So this was a 26 week study, which had about 100 patients, half and half men and women both. In our world, 100 patients is a medium sized study; a larger one might usually have 300, 400, 600 patients. So this is a medium sized study, which is decent. It’s not bad. And in my opinion, it was done pretty well, not a lot of bias in the study that I saw.

Now, of course, this is not a definitive study. And you need to follow up with these patients after the weeks of study. We call these start-up studies, and they are what we base future, longer and bigger studies on. So it’s a good base, and there are other studies on the way.

Gizmodo: Broadly speaking, what are the questions that these longer and larger studies need to try answering?

Shah: So there are a couple of things.

These are different substances that people are looking at; one is alcohol, one smoking, the other is opiates. So the next studies we should be doing is to see whether GLP-1s like semaglutide can limit more than one of these addictions. Because the mechanism is the same mechanism for all the cravings and the addictions. So can it reduce all of these or just one if somebody is taking it?

Boxes of the GLP-1 medication Ozempic
© Sebastien Bozon/AFP via Getty

If we do keep seeing an effect here, it’s also important to know how quickly this happens and whether it can be sustained after you stop using a GLP-1. That’s why we have to follow people after these sorts of trials, to see if the effect can last after they stop taking the medication or if it requires people needing to stay on the drug for the effect.

Gizmodo: These sort of studies are happening. But what should be the current takeaway for people with these addictions and their doctor? Is this something that could be used in the real world right now?

Shah: Because they’re not approved right now, the takeaway should be that if you already have a current indication to take a GLP-1 which is for diabetes or obesity, certainly take it. If you also get an added advantage of stopping your smoking or alcohol use disorder, that is well and good because we don’t have approval for these disorders currently.

So in other words, if somebody comes to us and says, “Hey, I want to start these medicines for smoking cessation or alcohol use disorder,” we may not be able to prescribe it because there’s no approval. But they can be part of a study which is going on in some centers for those disorders. And if somebody already is using them for diabetes or so, and in addition, they get a benefit for alcoholism, that’s great, too.

#Ozempic #Treat #Alcoholism #Heresaddiction,Alcoholism,GLP-1s,Ozempic,Q&As
Bartesian is the Keurig of cocktails. After trying several automatic cocktail makers on the market, it was the only cocktail maker I could see fitting into my normal routine. It works like any capsule-style device, but with booze. You fill the Bartesian’s glass bottles with your liquor of choice, make sure there’s water in the reservoir, plop in a cocktail capsule (these typically cost $2-3), choose your drink strength, press “mix,” and then a drink comes out. (If you’ve got kids, the Bartesian Professional version comes with a lock that will stymie curious fingers.)

Do you need a Bartesian to make cocktails? Of course you don’t. You can dump tequila into sour mix anytime and call it a margarita. But perhaps you’d like to make an espresso martini, a blackberry margarita, and also a Long Island Iced Tea? The Bartesian is a sort of shortcut to a home bar, without having to store all the mixers—and a bit of a novelty. It will be fun, and silly, and the drinks are kind of fine in a Spring Break way: strong and sweet and with sometimes fun flavors. Don’t expect sophistication. Expect a bit of a party trick, the sort of thing that makes a summer a little more fun.

You’ll, of course, want a Bartesian coupon to make that fun more accessible. Luckily, the current Bartesian discount codes are good for up to 35% off.

Save up to 35% With a Bartesian Cocktail Subscription

Standard pods on the Bartesian come in packs of 8, for $20 to $25. But if you know you plan to use the cocktail machine often—garden parties, art gallery openings, a really cool barber shop, an interesting home life, Friday afternoon margaritaville—the easiest way to save on the Bartesian pods is to sign up for a cocktail subscription. No Bartesian subscription discount codes are required. Subscription boxes always cost $20, so get the ones that’d be otherwise expensive for a 20% discount—then get additional tiered discounts of Bartesian depending on volume and frequency. If you order often or in large quatnities, this can add up to 35% off the regular price.

Save 15% (Or More) When You Purchase a Cocktail Bundle

I can’t tell you what to do. But at current discounts on Bartesian cocktail bundles and add-ons, only a sucker buys a Bartesian as a standalone item. If you flip to the Bartesian bundles page, you can find multiple bundles that offer glassware and cocktail variety packs for about the same price as the machine by itself. The Mom Bundle in particular costs less than the Bartesian Pro machine by itself, but includes 8 margarita capsules and two glasses. As of April 2026, Bartesian is also offering a Mother’s Day deal, offering $100 off the Bartesian Pro or the Bartesian Duet as long as you add a cocktail capsule pack to your order. Presumably, if you are buying the machine, you’ll want the cocktail capsules anyway.

Bartesian Rewards Club: Get More for Your Buck

Bartesian also has a loyalty program that they’re calling, alternately, the Bartesian Club, the Bartesian Rewards Club, or Bartesian Mixologist Rewards. One way or the other, it doesn’t cost anything to sign up, and you get discounts. Basically, you earn 4 to 6 points per dollar you spend, plus get additional points for referring other customers, following Bartesian on Instagram, or just having a birthday. If you get a thousand points, you can redeem them for a $10 discount. There are also exclusive members-only tiers. Rewards are bigger if you’re a big spender. Here are the three membership tiers.

Earn 2,500 Points and Give $25 When You Refer a Friend

The biggest rewards bonus comes when you refer a friend who then buys a Bartesian or otherwise spends at least $150 on the site. Use the friend referral page here, and your friend will get a $25 discount using a Bertesian referral coupon code if they buy a Bartesian after using your link. You’ll also get 2,500 points on the Bartesian Rewards Club. Which is to say, you also get $25.

#Top #Bartesian #Discount #Codescoupons,shopping">Top Bartesian Discount Codes: 35% OffBartesian is the Keurig of cocktails. After trying several automatic cocktail makers on the market, it was the only cocktail maker I could see fitting into my normal routine. It works like any capsule-style device, but with booze. You fill the Bartesian’s glass bottles with your liquor of choice, make sure there’s water in the reservoir, plop in a cocktail capsule (these typically cost -3), choose your drink strength, press “mix,” and then a drink comes out. (If you’ve got kids, the Bartesian Professional version comes with a lock that will stymie curious fingers.)Do you need a Bartesian to make cocktails? Of course you don’t. You can dump tequila into sour mix anytime and call it a margarita. But perhaps you’d like to make an espresso martini, a blackberry margarita, and also a Long Island Iced Tea? The Bartesian is a sort of shortcut to a home bar, without having to store all the mixers—and a bit of a novelty. It will be fun, and silly, and the drinks are kind of fine in a Spring Break way: strong and sweet and with sometimes fun flavors. Don’t expect sophistication. Expect a bit of a party trick, the sort of thing that makes a summer a little more fun.You’ll, of course, want a Bartesian coupon to make that fun more accessible. Luckily, the current Bartesian discount codes are good for up to 35% off.Save up to 35% With a Bartesian Cocktail SubscriptionStandard pods on the Bartesian come in packs of 8, for  to . But if you know you plan to use the cocktail machine often—garden parties, art gallery openings, a really cool barber shop, an interesting home life, Friday afternoon margaritaville—the easiest way to save on the Bartesian pods is to sign up for a cocktail subscription. No Bartesian subscription discount codes are required. Subscription boxes always cost , so get the ones that’d be otherwise expensive for a 20% discount—then get additional tiered discounts of Bartesian depending on volume and frequency. If you order often or in large quatnities, this can add up to 35% off the regular price.Save 15% (Or More) When You Purchase a Cocktail BundleI can’t tell you what to do. But at current discounts on Bartesian cocktail bundles and add-ons, only a sucker buys a Bartesian as a standalone item. If you flip to the Bartesian bundles page, you can find multiple bundles that offer glassware and cocktail variety packs for about the same price as the machine by itself. The Mom Bundle in particular costs less than the Bartesian Pro machine by itself, but includes 8 margarita capsules and two glasses. As of April 2026, Bartesian is also offering a Mother’s Day deal, offering 0 off the Bartesian Pro or the Bartesian Duet as long as you add a cocktail capsule pack to your order. Presumably, if you are buying the machine, you’ll want the cocktail capsules anyway.Bartesian Rewards Club: Get More for Your BuckBartesian also has a loyalty program that they’re calling, alternately, the Bartesian Club, the Bartesian Rewards Club, or Bartesian Mixologist Rewards. One way or the other, it doesn’t cost anything to sign up, and you get discounts. Basically, you earn 4 to 6 points per dollar you spend, plus get additional points for referring other customers, following Bartesian on Instagram, or just having a birthday. If you get a thousand points, you can redeem them for a  discount. There are also exclusive members-only tiers. Rewards are bigger if you’re a big spender. Here are the three membership tiers.Earn 2,500 Points and Give  When You Refer a FriendThe biggest rewards bonus comes when you refer a friend who then buys a Bartesian or otherwise spends at least 0 on the site. Use the friend referral page here, and your friend will get a  discount using a Bertesian referral coupon code if they buy a Bartesian after using your link. You’ll also get 2,500 points on the Bartesian Rewards Club. Which is to say, you also get .#Top #Bartesian #Discount #Codescoupons,shopping

trying several automatic cocktail makers on the market, it was the only cocktail maker I could see fitting into my normal routine. It works like any capsule-style device, but with booze. You fill the Bartesian’s glass bottles with your liquor of choice, make sure there’s water in the reservoir, plop in a cocktail capsule (these typically cost $2-3), choose your drink strength, press “mix,” and then a drink comes out. (If you’ve got kids, the Bartesian Professional version comes with a lock that will stymie curious fingers.)

Do you need a Bartesian to make cocktails? Of course you don’t. You can dump tequila into sour mix anytime and call it a margarita. But perhaps you’d like to make an espresso martini, a blackberry margarita, and also a Long Island Iced Tea? The Bartesian is a sort of shortcut to a home bar, without having to store all the mixers—and a bit of a novelty. It will be fun, and silly, and the drinks are kind of fine in a Spring Break way: strong and sweet and with sometimes fun flavors. Don’t expect sophistication. Expect a bit of a party trick, the sort of thing that makes a summer a little more fun.

You’ll, of course, want a Bartesian coupon to make that fun more accessible. Luckily, the current Bartesian discount codes are good for up to 35% off.

Save up to 35% With a Bartesian Cocktail Subscription

Standard pods on the Bartesian come in packs of 8, for $20 to $25. But if you know you plan to use the cocktail machine often—garden parties, art gallery openings, a really cool barber shop, an interesting home life, Friday afternoon margaritaville—the easiest way to save on the Bartesian pods is to sign up for a cocktail subscription. No Bartesian subscription discount codes are required. Subscription boxes always cost $20, so get the ones that’d be otherwise expensive for a 20% discount—then get additional tiered discounts of Bartesian depending on volume and frequency. If you order often or in large quatnities, this can add up to 35% off the regular price.

Save 15% (Or More) When You Purchase a Cocktail Bundle

I can’t tell you what to do. But at current discounts on Bartesian cocktail bundles and add-ons, only a sucker buys a Bartesian as a standalone item. If you flip to the Bartesian bundles page, you can find multiple bundles that offer glassware and cocktail variety packs for about the same price as the machine by itself. The Mom Bundle in particular costs less than the Bartesian Pro machine by itself, but includes 8 margarita capsules and two glasses. As of April 2026, Bartesian is also offering a Mother’s Day deal, offering $100 off the Bartesian Pro or the Bartesian Duet as long as you add a cocktail capsule pack to your order. Presumably, if you are buying the machine, you’ll want the cocktail capsules anyway.

Bartesian Rewards Club: Get More for Your Buck

Bartesian also has a loyalty program that they’re calling, alternately, the Bartesian Club, the Bartesian Rewards Club, or Bartesian Mixologist Rewards. One way or the other, it doesn’t cost anything to sign up, and you get discounts. Basically, you earn 4 to 6 points per dollar you spend, plus get additional points for referring other customers, following Bartesian on Instagram, or just having a birthday. If you get a thousand points, you can redeem them for a $10 discount. There are also exclusive members-only tiers. Rewards are bigger if you’re a big spender. Here are the three membership tiers.

Earn 2,500 Points and Give $25 When You Refer a Friend

The biggest rewards bonus comes when you refer a friend who then buys a Bartesian or otherwise spends at least $150 on the site. Use the friend referral page here, and your friend will get a $25 discount using a Bertesian referral coupon code if they buy a Bartesian after using your link. You’ll also get 2,500 points on the Bartesian Rewards Club. Which is to say, you also get $25.

#Top #Bartesian #Discount #Codescoupons,shopping">Top Bartesian Discount Codes: 35% Off

Bartesian is the Keurig of cocktails. After trying several automatic cocktail makers on the market, it was the only cocktail maker I could see fitting into my normal routine. It works like any capsule-style device, but with booze. You fill the Bartesian’s glass bottles with your liquor of choice, make sure there’s water in the reservoir, plop in a cocktail capsule (these typically cost $2-3), choose your drink strength, press “mix,” and then a drink comes out. (If you’ve got kids, the Bartesian Professional version comes with a lock that will stymie curious fingers.)

Do you need a Bartesian to make cocktails? Of course you don’t. You can dump tequila into sour mix anytime and call it a margarita. But perhaps you’d like to make an espresso martini, a blackberry margarita, and also a Long Island Iced Tea? The Bartesian is a sort of shortcut to a home bar, without having to store all the mixers—and a bit of a novelty. It will be fun, and silly, and the drinks are kind of fine in a Spring Break way: strong and sweet and with sometimes fun flavors. Don’t expect sophistication. Expect a bit of a party trick, the sort of thing that makes a summer a little more fun.

You’ll, of course, want a Bartesian coupon to make that fun more accessible. Luckily, the current Bartesian discount codes are good for up to 35% off.

Save up to 35% With a Bartesian Cocktail Subscription

Standard pods on the Bartesian come in packs of 8, for $20 to $25. But if you know you plan to use the cocktail machine often—garden parties, art gallery openings, a really cool barber shop, an interesting home life, Friday afternoon margaritaville—the easiest way to save on the Bartesian pods is to sign up for a cocktail subscription. No Bartesian subscription discount codes are required. Subscription boxes always cost $20, so get the ones that’d be otherwise expensive for a 20% discount—then get additional tiered discounts of Bartesian depending on volume and frequency. If you order often or in large quatnities, this can add up to 35% off the regular price.

Save 15% (Or More) When You Purchase a Cocktail Bundle

I can’t tell you what to do. But at current discounts on Bartesian cocktail bundles and add-ons, only a sucker buys a Bartesian as a standalone item. If you flip to the Bartesian bundles page, you can find multiple bundles that offer glassware and cocktail variety packs for about the same price as the machine by itself. The Mom Bundle in particular costs less than the Bartesian Pro machine by itself, but includes 8 margarita capsules and two glasses. As of April 2026, Bartesian is also offering a Mother’s Day deal, offering $100 off the Bartesian Pro or the Bartesian Duet as long as you add a cocktail capsule pack to your order. Presumably, if you are buying the machine, you’ll want the cocktail capsules anyway.

Bartesian Rewards Club: Get More for Your Buck

Bartesian also has a loyalty program that they’re calling, alternately, the Bartesian Club, the Bartesian Rewards Club, or Bartesian Mixologist Rewards. One way or the other, it doesn’t cost anything to sign up, and you get discounts. Basically, you earn 4 to 6 points per dollar you spend, plus get additional points for referring other customers, following Bartesian on Instagram, or just having a birthday. If you get a thousand points, you can redeem them for a $10 discount. There are also exclusive members-only tiers. Rewards are bigger if you’re a big spender. Here are the three membership tiers.

Earn 2,500 Points and Give $25 When You Refer a Friend

The biggest rewards bonus comes when you refer a friend who then buys a Bartesian or otherwise spends at least $150 on the site. Use the friend referral page here, and your friend will get a $25 discount using a Bertesian referral coupon code if they buy a Bartesian after using your link. You’ll also get 2,500 points on the Bartesian Rewards Club. Which is to say, you also get $25.

#Top #Bartesian #Discount #Codescoupons,shopping

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